{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:22:55Z","timestamp":1790907775744,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Universities of Northwest Minzu University","award":["31920230040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920230040"]}]},{"name":"Central Universities of Northwest Minzu University","award":["31920220026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920220026"]}]},{"name":"Central Universities of Northwest Minzu University","award":["2023-QN-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-QN-13"]}]},{"name":"Central Universities of Northwest Minzu University","award":["RWS-NYSTZZ202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RWS-NYSTZZ202104"]}]},{"name":"Central Universities of Northwest Minzu University","award":["xbmuyjrc2020018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xbmuyjrc2020018"]}]},{"name":"Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project","award":["31920230040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920230040"]}]},{"name":"Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project","award":["31920220026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920220026"]}]},{"name":"Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project","award":["2023-QN-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-QN-13"]}]},{"name":"Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project","award":["RWS-NYSTZZ202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RWS-NYSTZZ202104"]}]},{"name":"Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project","award":["xbmuyjrc2020018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xbmuyjrc2020018"]}]},{"name":"Research and development of special new technology (new equipment) for agricultural ecological environment protection in Gansu province","award":["31920230040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920230040"]}]},{"name":"Research and development of special new technology (new equipment) for agricultural ecological environment protection in Gansu province","award":["31920220026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920220026"]}]},{"name":"Research and development of special new technology (new equipment) for agricultural ecological environment protection in Gansu province","award":["2023-QN-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-QN-13"]}]},{"name":"Research and development of special new technology (new equipment) for agricultural ecological environment protection in Gansu province","award":["RWS-NYSTZZ202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RWS-NYSTZZ202104"]}]},{"name":"Research and development of special new technology (new equipment) for agricultural ecological environment protection in Gansu province","award":["xbmuyjrc2020018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xbmuyjrc2020018"]}]},{"name":"Northwest Minzu University","award":["31920230040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920230040"]}]},{"name":"Northwest Minzu University","award":["31920220026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920220026"]}]},{"name":"Northwest Minzu University","award":["2023-QN-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-QN-13"]}]},{"name":"Northwest Minzu University","award":["RWS-NYSTZZ202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RWS-NYSTZZ202104"]}]},{"name":"Northwest Minzu University","award":["xbmuyjrc2020018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xbmuyjrc2020018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explored the impact of integrating fermented feed into the starter diet of lambs, focusing on growth, health, serum antioxidants, immune markers, rumen fermentation, and microbial communities. Thirty-six ten-day-old female Tail Han lambs were randomly divided into three experimental groups, which were separately fed with alfalfa hay (LA group), tail vegetable fermented feed (LB group), and tail vegetable fermented feed supplemented with 0.1% microbial inoculants (LC group) during the experimental period. This study assessed the influence of fermented feed on various parameters, including growth performance, fiber degradation, rumen fermentation, enzymatic activities, and ruminal histomorphology. The results indicate that compared to the control group, the addition of fermented feed can increase the daily weight gain of lambs. Simultaneously, the addition of fermented feed can enhance the total antioxidant capacity of serum (p &lt; 0.05). The addition of fermented feed promoted the increased height of villi in the duodenum or jejunum of lambs (p &lt; 0.05), and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth in the LB and LC groups was also improved (p &lt; 0.05). The addition of fermented feed increased the richness and diversity of the rumen microbial community in lambs (p &lt; 0.05), primarily increasing the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Lachnospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14020303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T11:28:46Z","timestamp":1705577326000},"page":"303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of Tail Vegetable Fermented Feed on the Growth and Rumen Microbiota of Lambs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lueyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaodong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Teaching Department, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongxin","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277518","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2023.2277518","article-title":"Assessing the influence of feeding olive leaves on the productivity and economic viability of growing Awassi lambs","volume":"9","author":"Obeidat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogent Food"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2023.100364","article-title":"Effect of feeding low phytate maize on performance, bone-breaking strength, and intestinal phosphorus transporters in slow-growing chickens during starter phase","volume":"32","author":"Prakash","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2013.811718","article-title":"Effect of fermented moist feed on performance, gut bacteria and gut histo-morphology in broilers","volume":"54","author":"Missotten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. Poultry Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6513","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-21793","article-title":"Effect of using mycotoxin-detoxifying agents in dairy cattle feed on natural whey starter biodiversity","volume":"105","author":"Morandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Xia, H.Z., Yang, Q., Yang, D.Y., Liu, S.J., and Cui, Z.H. (2022). Evaluating Starter Feeding on Ruminal Function in Yak Calves: Combined 16S rRNA Sequencing and Metabolomics. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.821613"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luise, D., Le Sciellour, M., Buchet, A., Resmond, R., Clement, C., Rossignol, M.N., Jardet, D., Zemb, O., Belloc, C., and Merlot, E. (2021). The fecal microbiota of piglets during weaning transition and its association with piglet growth across various farm environments. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250655"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2023.110680","article-title":"Reduction in mucosa thickness is associated with changes in immune function in the colon mucosa during the weaning transition in Holstein bull dairy calves","volume":"115","author":"Nishihara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac247.316","article-title":"Neonatal Holstein Calves fed a Pelleted Calf Starter Containing a Botanical Extract and Direct-fed Microbial (DFM) Alone or in Combination without or with Milk Replacer DFM","volume":"100","author":"Casper","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.1506-1514","article-title":"Effect of red ginger powder (var.) as a feed additive for starter and finisher broiler chicken to increase immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin Y expression and to prevent intestinal injury due to infection","volume":"15","author":"Herawati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6161","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez322","article-title":"The effect of raw and fermented rapeseed cake on growth performance, carcass traits, and breast meat quality in turkey","volume":"98","author":"Drazbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2008.03938.x","article-title":"Fermented pig liquid feed: Nutritional, safety and regulatory aspects","volume":"106","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4296985","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4296985","article-title":"Xylanase and Fermented Polysaccharide of Reduce Pathogenic Infection of Broilers by Improving Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties","volume":"2018","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2023, December 01). \u201cSheep Feeding Standard\u201d (NY\/T816-2004). Available online: https:\/\/www.gbstandards.org\/China_standard_english.asp?code=NY\/T%20816-2004&id=65794."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15021","article-title":"Starter feed for carnivorous species as a practical replacement of bloodworms for a vertebrate model organism in ageing, the turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri","volume":"100","author":"Zak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21208","article-title":"Milk feeding level and starter protein content: Effects on growth performance, blood metabolites, and urinary purine derivatives of Holstein dairy calves","volume":"105","author":"Khanaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20220515","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20220515","article-title":"Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) condensed tannin extract as feed additive in diets of weaned piglets","volume":"54","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cienc. Rural"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.11314","article-title":"Effect of Xylanase on Performance and Apparent Metabolisable Energy in Starter Broilers Fed Diets Containing One Maize Variety Harvested in Different Regions of China","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Austral J. Anim."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2022.9250029","article-title":"Allergen degradation of bee pollen by lactic acid bacteria fermentation and its alleviatory effects on allergic reactions in BALB\/c mice","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Well"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131749","article-title":"Characterization and functional properties of Maillard reaction products of \u03b2-lactoglobulin and polydextrose","volume":"377","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2017.1315051","article-title":"Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, gastrointestinal microflora population and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens","volume":"58","author":"Jazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137570","article-title":"Enhanced delignification and production of bioactive compounds in wheat straw by optimizing sterilization methods forfermentation","volume":"435","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2023.2179429","article-title":"Olive leaves as alternative feed for finishing lambs: Evaluation of feed intake, nutrients digestibility, growth performance, and carcase quality","volume":"22","author":"Ismail","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrillo-Muro, O., Rivera-Villegas, A., Hernandez-Briano, P., Lopez-Carlos, M.A., and Castro-Perez, B.I. (2023). Effect of Dietary Calcium Propionate Inclusion Period on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Feedlot Ram Lambs. Agriculture, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13081577"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22476","article-title":"Growth performance; blood metabolites; ruminal fermentation, and bacterial community in preweaning dairy calves fed corn silage-included starter and total mixed ration","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"44","article-title":"Peripheral blood metabolite associations with cardiac diastolic dysfunction in advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"38","author":"Gill","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gastroen Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2022.9250078","article-title":"Biochemistry and transcriptome analysis reveal condensed tannins alleviate liver injury induced by regulating cholesterol metabolism pathway","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Well"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04275-6","article-title":"Association between triglyceride-glucose index and bone mineral density in US adults: A cross sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Zhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"S200","article-title":"The association of dietary total, animal, and plant-based protein intake with depressive symptoms in Dutch adults with type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort","volume":"66","author":"Kremers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212080","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2023.2212080","article-title":"The association between lactate dehydrogenase to serum albumin ratio and the 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in intensive care: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, D.D., Yuan, Z.W., Shu, X.Q., Tang, H.J., Li, J., Ye, Y.M., Tao, N.A., Zhou, F.Z., Zhang, J., and Zheng, J. (2023). Diagnostic significance of alanine aminotransferase isoenzymes in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver cancers. Biosci. Rep., 43.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20230222"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.123317","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase triggered gold nanoclusters turn-on fluorescence immunoassay for detection of Ochratoxin A","volume":"304","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta A"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, S.Y., Jiao, C., Diao, Q.Y., and Tu, Y. (2023). Preweaning period is a critical window for rumen microbial regulation of average daily gain in Holstein heifer calves. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechno, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00934-0"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B.B., Yin, W.Q., Lei, M.K., Wang, X.L., Yang, Y.X., Zhang, C.X., and Chen, Y.L. (2023). Exploring the digesta- and mucosa-associated microbial community dynamics in the rumen and hindgut of goats from birth to adult. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1190348"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2081871","article-title":"Lower systemic inflammation is associated with gut firmicutes dominance and reduced liver injury in a novel ambulatory model of parenteral nutrition","volume":"54","author":"Samaddar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912010107","article-title":"A protein secretion system linked to bacteroidete gliding motility and pathogenesis","volume":"107","author":"Sato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crost, E.H., Coletto, E., Bell, A., and Juge, N. (2023). Ruminococcus gnavus: Friend or foe for human health. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 47.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad014"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/2\/303\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:49:55Z","timestamp":1760104195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/2\/303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ani14020303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani14020303","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]}}}