{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T20:35:59Z","timestamp":1776285359047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CEVA SALUD ANIMAL S.A."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Q fever is a zoonotic disease that has been associated with reproductive problems in animals. As there is little epidemiological data regarding the distribution and risk factors of this disorder in cattle, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii among dairy herds in the northwest of Spain, and to determine the on-farm risk factors associated with the disease and its effects on reproductive performance. Bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were collected from 262 commercial dairy herds from A Coru\u00f1a, Lugo, and Pontevedra provinces. Data about location, mean age, and herd management features were obtained. A commercial indirect ELISA kit was used to determine the presence of antibodies against C. burnetii in BTM samples. The relationship between seropositivity to C. burnetii and the risk factors was checked using a Pearson\u2019s \u03c72 test and a classification tree analysis. In addition, a one-way ANOVA test and the Mann\u2013Whitney U test were used to check the impact of seropositivity to C. burnetii on reproductive performance. A total of 60.1% of the farms tested positive for coxiellosis, the herd size, the external purchase of livestock, and the geographical area were identified as the main risk factors. Conception rate and first-service conception rate were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) in positive farms (37.1 and 32.9%) compared to negative farms (39.8 and 36.1%). Similarly, positive farms had significant higher incidence of endometritis (13.7% vs. 11.2%, p &lt; 0.05). Consequently, a high seropositivity and slightly negative effects of coxiellosis on reproductive performance were observed, which intensifies the need for further research, including the identification an active infection in positive herds and the characterization of the genotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14030367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T04:54:01Z","timestamp":1706072041000},"page":"367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Relationship between Reproductive Performance and the Presence of Antibodies against Coxiellosis in Dairy Farm Milk Tanks in the Northwest of Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5869-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ux\u00eda","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4200-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobo","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Pis\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00eda","family":"Acci\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0386-4018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEVA SALUD ANIMAL S.A., Avda. Diagonal 609-615, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Gisbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEVA SANTE ANIMALE, Avenue de la Ballasti\u00e8re 10, 33500 Libourne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0326-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro G.","family":"Herrad\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3211-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"D\u00edaz-Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0580-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Quintela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"},{"name":"IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s\/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005010","article-title":"Is Q Fever an Emerging or Re-Emerging Zoonosis?","volume":"36","author":"Rodolakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trachsel, C., Hirsbrunner, G., Herms, T.L., Runge, M., Kiene, F., Ganter, M., Zanolari, P., and Bauer, B.U. (2023). Two Years after Coxiella burnetii Detection: Pathogen Shedding and Phase-Specific Antibody Response in Three Dairy Goat Herds. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13193048"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Neupane, K., and Kaswan, D. (2024, January 18). 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