{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:26:57Z","timestamp":1790389617472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lithuanian Council for Research","award":["S-MIP-22-137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-MIP-22-137"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study delves into the effects of subclinical ketosis (SCK) and subclinical acidosis (SCA) on various parameters related to dairy cow rumination, eating, drinking and locomotion behavior. The research hypothesized that these subclinical metabolic disorders could affect behaviors such as rumination, feeding, and locomotion. A total of 320 dairy cows, with a focus on those in their second or subsequent lactation, producing an average of 12,000 kg\/year milk in their previous lactation, were examined. These cows were classified into three groups: those with SCK, those with SCA, and healthy cows. The health status of the cows was determined based on the milk fat\u2013protein ratio, blood beta-hydroxybutyrate, and the results of clinical examinations performed by a veterinarian. The data collected during the study included parameters from the RumiWatch sensors. The results revealed significant differences between the cows affected by SCK and the healthy cows, with reductions observed in the rumination time (17.47%) and various eating and chewing behaviors. These changes indicated that SCK had a substantial impact on the cows\u2019 behavior. In the context of SCA, the study found significant reductions in Eating Time 2 (ET2) of 36.84% when compared to the healthy cows. Additionally, Eating Chews 2 (EC2) exhibited a significant reduction in the SCA group, with an average of 312.06 units (\u00b117.93), compared to the healthy group\u2019s average of 504.20 units (\u00b118.87). These findings emphasize that SCA influences feeding behaviors and chewing activity, which can have implications for nutrient intake and overall cow health. The study also highlights the considerable impact of SCK on locomotion parameters, as the cows with SCK exhibited a 27.36% reduction in the walking time levels. These cows also displayed reductions in the Walking Time (WT), Other Activity Time (OAT), and Activity Change (AC). In conclusion, this research underscores the critical need for advanced strategies to prevent and manage subclinical metabolic disorders within the dairy farming industry. The study findings have far-reaching implications for enhancing the well-being and performance of dairy cattle. Effective management practices and detection methods are essential to mitigate the impact of SCK and SCA on dairy cow health and productivity, ultimately benefiting the dairy farming sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14030384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T03:59:42Z","timestamp":1706155182000},"page":"384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Alterations in Rumination, Eating, Drinking and Locomotion Behavior in Dairy Cows Affected by Subclinical Ketosis and Subclinical Acidosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-2224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u016bnas","family":"Antanaitis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"D\u017eermeikait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justina","family":"Kri\u0161tolaityt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"Ribelyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u0117","family":"Bespalovait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deimant\u0117","family":"Bulvi\u010di\u016bt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ar\u016bnas","family":"Rutkauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029909990550","article-title":"Detection of Mastitis and Its Stage of Progression by Automatic Milking Systems Using Artificial Neural Networks","volume":"77","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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