{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:44:23Z","timestamp":1787787863310,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32125038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32125038"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS36"]}]},{"name":"Earmarked Fund","award":["32125038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32125038"]}]},{"name":"Earmarked Fund","award":["CARS36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS36"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In commercial dairy farms, mastitis is associated with increased antimicrobial use and associated resistance, which may affect milk production. This study aimed to develop sensor-based prediction models for naturally occurring clinical bovine mastitis using nine machine learning algorithms with data from 447 mastitic and 2146 healthy cows obtained from five commercial farms in Northeast China. The variables were related to daily activity, rumination time, and daily milk yield of cows, as well as milk electrical conductivity. Both Z-standardized and non-standardized datasets pertaining to four specific stages of lactation were used to train and test prediction models. For all four subgroups, the Z-standardized dataset yielded better results than those of the non-standardized one, with the multilayer artificial neural net algorithm showing the best performance. Variables of importance had a similar rank in this algorithm, indicating the consistency of these variables as predictors for bovine mastitis in commercial farms with similar automatic systems. Moreover, the peak milk yield (PMY) of mastitic cows was significantly higher than that of healthy cows (p &lt; 0.005), indicating that high-yielding cattle are more prone to mastitis. Our results show that machine learning algorithms are effective tools for predicting mastitis in dairy cows for immediate intervention and management in commercial farms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14030427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T12:25:01Z","timestamp":1706531101000},"page":"427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Prediction of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows Based on Milk Yield, Rumination Time, and Milk Electrical Conductivity Using Machine Learning Algorithms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1124-5831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihar 161005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0377-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoju","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2007.9695224","article-title":"Economic effects of bovine mastitis and mastitis management: A review","volume":"29","author":"Halasa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. 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