{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:28:27Z","timestamp":1781778507717,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD1302000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1302000"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023QN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QN02"]}]},{"name":"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Program from Jilin Province","award":["2023YFD1302000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1302000"]}]},{"name":"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Program from Jilin Province","award":["2023QN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QN02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gut microbiota establishment in young ruminants has a profound impact on their adult production performance. However, the critical phase for the succession of the gut microbial composition and metabolic profiles of juvenile sika deer still needs to be further investigated. Here, we analyzed the fecal microbiota and metabolites of juvenile sika deer during the birth (D1), transition (D42), and rumination (D70) periods based on 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography\u2013time\u2013of\u2013flight mass spectrometry (GC\u2013TOF\u2013MS). The results showed that the fecal bacteria and metabolites composition were significantly different in D1 compared to D42 and D70, and the number of OTUs and the Shannon index were significantly higher in D70 than in D1 (p &lt; 0.05). The relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Lachnoclostridium showed a significant increase in D1 compared to D42 and D70, whereas the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Christensenellaceae R-7, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group were significantly decreased in D1 compared to D42 and D70 (p &lt; 0.05). The amounts of serine, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, ornithine, citrulline, creatine, isoleucine, galactose, and ribose in the feces were significantly higher in D1 compared to D42 and D70. In contrast, the concentrations of cortexolone, resveratrol, piceatannol, fumaric acid, alpha-ketoglutarate, glycerol, uracil-5-carboxylic acid, and maleic acid were significantly decreased in D1. The enrichment analysis showed that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly changed in D1 compared to D42 and D70. The glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; citrate cycle; and pyruvate metabolism were significantly enriched across the three periods (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that the birth\u2013transition period is a critical phase for the gut bacterial community and metabolic function shift in juvenile sika deer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14030432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T12:25:01Z","timestamp":1706531101000},"page":"432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in the Feces of Juvenile Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) from Birth to Weaning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ruina","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huazhe","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-021419-083952","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiome in cattle production and health: Driver or passenger?","volume":"8","author":"Neves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. 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