{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:02:36Z","timestamp":1785762156288,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"Scientific and Technological Research Institution of Turkey (TUBITAK)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221O167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221O167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our objectives were to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on testicular volume (TV), testicular blood flow (TBF), and semen quality in Bafra rams during the non-breeding season. One group of rams (MEL, n = 5) received a 36 mg melatonin implant twice, with 30 days in between, while the other group (CON, n = 5) served as the control. TBF, TV, and semen quality parameters were determined at three-week intervals starting three weeks before until twelve weeks after the first melatonin implant. Testicular blood flow was determined in the supratesticular (STA) and marginal testicular artery (MA) using color Doppler ultrasound. Semen was collected and evaluated, and the total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidative status (TAS) was determined using an ELISA. The MEL group had increased (p &lt; 0.05) TV between the sixth and twelfth week after the start of treatment. Overall, the MEL group had lower resistance and pulsatility indexes (p &lt; 0.05) between the third and ninth week, although there was no difference (p &gt; 0.05) between the two groups in most semen quality parameters. However, TAS concentrations increased (p &lt; 0.05) in the MEL group compared with the CON. The results of this study show that exogenous melatonin in the non-breeding season significantly increased both TBF and TV in Bafra rams. Therefore, giving rams implants with 36 mg melatonin twice at least one month prior to the non-breeding season is expected to improve testicular size and function and reproductive capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14030442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T12:25:01Z","timestamp":1706531101000},"page":"442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Melatonin Administration Enhances Testicular Volume, Testicular Blood Flow, Semen Parameters and Antioxidant Status during the Non-Breeding Season in Bafra Rams"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9160-5026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melih","family":"Akar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0754-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mesut","family":"\u00c7evik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun 55200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4457-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adem","family":"Kocaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun 55200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0666-5359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cumali","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun 55200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5728-1478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu","family":"Esin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun 55200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8238-943X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Bj\u00f6rkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.2318-3659.v50i5p384-395","article-title":"Correlations between Testicular Hemodynamic and Sperm Characteristics in Rams","volume":"50","author":"Batissaco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. 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