{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:12:29Z","timestamp":1790644349051,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundacion Buin Zoo, Chiloe Silvestre","award":["FB210006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB210006"]}]},{"name":"Fundacion Buin Zoo, Chiloe Silvestre","award":["FB210008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB210008"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"ANID\/BASAL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FB210006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB210006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"ANID\/BASAL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FB210008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB210008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A significant gap in exposure data for most livestock and zoonotic pathogens is common for several Latin America deer species. This study examined the seroprevalence against 13 pathogens in 164 wild and captive southern pudu from Chile between 2011 and 2023. Livestock and zoonotic pathogen antibodies were detected in 22 of 109 wild pudus (20.18%; 95% CI: 13.34\u201329.18) and 17 of 55 captive pudus (30.91%; 95% CI: 19.52\u201344.96), including five Leptospira interrogans serovars (15.38% and 10.71%), Toxoplasma gondii (8.57% and 37.50%), Chlamydia abortus (3.03% and 12.82%), Neospora caninum (0.00% and 9.52%), and Pestivirus (8.00% and 6.67%). Risk factors were detected for Leptospira spp., showing that fawn pudu have statistically significantly higher risk of positivity than adults. In the case of T. gondii, pudu living in \u201cfree-range\u201d have a lower risk of being positive for this parasite. In under-human-care pudu, a Pestivirus outbreak is the most strongly suspected as the cause of abortions in a zoo in the past. This study presents the first evidence of Chlamydia abortus in wildlife in South America and exposure to T. gondii, L. interrogans, and N. caninum in wild ungulate species in Chile. High seroprevalence of livestock pathogens such as Pestivirus and Leptospira Hardjo in wild animals suggests a livestock transmission in Chilean template forest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14040526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T03:22:31Z","timestamp":1707189751000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High Exposure to Livestock Pathogens in Southern Pudu (Pudu puda) from Chile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Hidalgo-Hermoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundacion Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0995-1227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Verasay Caviedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico, Hospital Veterinario SOS Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Pizarro-Lucero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Cabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Conservaci\u00f3n de la Biodiversidad Chilo\u00e9-Silvestre, Nal Bajo, Ancud 5710000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Vicencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Conservaci\u00f3n de la Biodiversidad Chilo\u00e9-Silvestre, Nal Bajo, Ancud 5710000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Celis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zool\u00f3gico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zool\u00f3gico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Kemec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zool\u00f3gico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6250-296X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nour","family":"Abuhadba-Mediano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pir\u00e1mide 5750, Santiago 7580506, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronie","family":"Asencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Conservaci\u00f3n de la Biodiversidad Chilo\u00e9-Silvestre, Nal Bajo, Ancud 5710000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastian, Patagonia Campus, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastian, Patagonia Campus, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico, Hospital Veterinario SOS Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Moreira-Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gesti\u00f3n Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile"},{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago 7750000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundacion Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Geografia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8415-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galia","family":"Ramirez-Toloza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Quijano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Neira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. 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(2016). Correspondence between the habitat of the threatened pud\u00fa (Cervidae) and the national protected-area system of Chile. BMC Ecol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12898-015-0055-7"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Jimenez, J.E. (2010). Southern Pudu Pudu puda (Molina 1782). Neotropical Cervidology: Biology and Medicine of Latin American Deer, Funep and IUCN."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Silva-Rodr\u00edguez, E., Pastore, H., and Jim\u00e9nez, J. (2022, July 20). Pudu puda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available online: https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/es\/species\/18848\/22164089."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (2022, July 25). Supreme Decree no. 151 of the Ministerio Secretaria General de la Presidencia de Chile. [First Species Classification Process, MMA]. (In Spanish)."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salgado, R., Hidalgo-Hermoso, E., and Pizarro-Lucero, J. (2018). 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