{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:05:42Z","timestamp":1780563942015,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to describe clinical data associated with acorn intoxication and to find variables associated with survival. Data from horses presented at CISCO-ONIRIS from 2011 to 2018 with a diagnosis of acorn intoxication were included. Diagnosis was based on the following: season, the presence of acorns in the environment, clinical and hemato-biochemical parameters suggestive of a digestive\/renal disease, the co-morbidity of companion animals, and post-mortem findings. Statistical analysis was completed using Student\u2019s t-test for mean comparisons and a Chi-square test for group comparisons (p &lt; 0.05). A total of 25 horses were included, and seasonality suggests that the intoxication may vary from year to year. Clinical signs associated with acorn intoxication were signs of circulatory shock (lethargy, tachycardia, abnormal mucous membrane, tachypnea), digestive signs (diarrhea, ileus, colic), and abnormal temperature. Clinical pathological findings included increased hematocrit, WBC, creatinine, BUN, GGT, AST, CK and decreased albumin. Overall, 44% (11\/25) of horses survived. The majority (13\/14) of non-survivors died, or were euthanized, during the first 48 h. Findings significantly associated with non-survival were age, heart rate, hemorrhagic diarrhea, ileus, hematocrit, creatinine, blood lactate, and thickness of the colon wall at ultrasonography. This study provides equine practitioners with valuable prognostic information in cases of acorn intoxication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14040599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T06:19:59Z","timestamp":1707718799000},"page":"599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Retrospective Study of 25 Cases of Acorn Intoxication Colitis in Horses between 2011 and 2018 and Factors Associated with Non-Survival"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7028-2221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanguy","family":"Hermange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Nutrition, PhysioPathologie et Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de L\u2019alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Universit\u00e9 Bretagne Loire, 44307 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basile","family":"Ruault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Nutrition, PhysioPathologie et Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de L\u2019alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Universit\u00e9 Bretagne Loire, 44307 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3458-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Courouc\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Nutrition, PhysioPathologie et Pharmacologie, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de L\u2019alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Universit\u00e9 Bretagne Loire, 44307 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"958","article-title":"Oak toxicosis in cattle in northern California: Clinical and pathologic findings","volume":"191","author":"Spier","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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