{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:14:33Z","timestamp":1792181673961,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yawkey Foundation I, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and Clemson University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crocodilians are considered to be \u201cecosystem engineers\u201d because their modification of habitats provides opportunities for feeding, drinking, breeding, and other vital life activities to a wide variety of other animals. One such habitat modification is the construction of nest mounds during the breeding season by most crocodilian species, including American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). While many reports exist describing wildlife associated with alligator nests, no studies have quantified faunal associates and their corresponding behaviors while visiting nests. To address this data gap, we used automated game cameras to monitor wildlife and their behaviors at alligator nests during the egg incubation period (June\u2013September) in coastal South Carolina, USA (2016\u20132021). We documented a total of 81 species (79 vertebrates and 2 invertebrates) at 78 alligator nests representing six taxonomic groups, including 48 birds (59.2%), 9 mammals (11.1%), 19 reptiles (23.4%), 3 amphibians (3.7%), 1 malacostracan (1.2%), and 1 insect (1.2%). Collectively, faunal associates primarily used alligator nests for feeding\/foraging (51.8%), traveling (29.3%), and loafing (19.9%) and to a much lesser extent basking, burrowing\/shelter, breeding, and nesting. However, trends in alligator nest use varied among faunal associate groups (birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, etc.), subgroups (e.g., passerines, raptors, wading birds, and waterfowl), and species. Several novel behaviors by some nest associates were also noted during the study, including the first observations of Virginia oppossum (Didelphis virginiana) opening and predating nests, bobcat (Lynx rufus) consuming alligator hatchlings, and Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) feeding on the contents of a recently predated alligator egg. The results of this study indicate that a diverse assemblage of vertebrates (and some invertebrates) use alligator nest sites in coastal South Carolina for a variety of life activities during the egg incubation period, and the proportion of the behaviors exhibited varies among animal groups and species. This study provides a first step for investigations regarding the net impacts of alligator nest-faunal associate interactions and ultimately the greater ecological role of alligators and other crocodilians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14040620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T12:09:27Z","timestamp":1707912567000},"page":"620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fauna Associated with American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Nests in Coastal South Carolina, USA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4682-7735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Rainwater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, 1 Yawkey Way S., Georgetown, SC 29440, USA"},{"name":"Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC 29440, USA"},{"name":"Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, 1 Yawkey Way S., Georgetown, SC 29440, USA"},{"name":"Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC 29440, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa A.","family":"Tuten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6294-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Given","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Town of Kiawah Island, Kiawah Island, SC 29455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parker W.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Carolina Consulting, 1935 Oak Tree Lane, Mt. Pleasant, SC 29464, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8504-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC 29440, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2230-0878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven G.","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Conservation Society-Cambodia Program, #21, Street 21 Sangkat Tonle Bassac, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, 1 Yawkey Way S., Georgetown, SC 29440, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6015-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Bodinof Jachowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Samson, F.B., and Knopf, F.L. 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