{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:16:31Z","timestamp":1787163391712,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PROBOVIS project (PSR Sardegna 2014\u20132020; sottomisura 16.2)"},{"name":"RESTART-UNINUORO project (Actions for the valorization of agroforestry resources in central Sardinia\u201d Regione Autonoma della Sardegna; fondi FSC 2014\u20132020)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to monitor the behaviour of purebred and crossbred beef cattle reared in the same optimal environmental conditions according to Classyfarm\u00ae. Thirty-yearling beef 11.5 months old, including 10 Limousines (LMS), 10 Sardo-Bruna (SRB), and 10 crossbred Limousine \u00d7 Sardo-Bruna (LMS \u00d7 SRB), balanced for sex and body weight, were used. Animals were evaluated for five months by two trained operators by SCAN (\u201csternal resting\u201d, \u201clateral resting\u201d, \u201c central or peripheral position in the pen\u201d, standing\u201d, \u201cwalking\u201d, \u201cfeeding\u201d, \u201cdrinking\u201d, and \u201cruminating) and FOCUS (\u201cdisplacement for space\u201d, \u201cdisplacement for feed or water\u201d, \u201cplay-fighting\u201d, \u201cself-grooming\u201d, \u201callo-grooming\u201d, \u201cstereotyping\u201d, and \u201cmounting\u201d) protocols. Feeding behaviour was monitored by a CCTV system. The application of the SCAN sampling evidenced that SRB animals preferred the \u201cstanding\u201d activity over the LMS animals, while the LMS \u00d7 SRB did not differ from them. The \u201cstanding\u201d and \u201c ruminating \u201cactivities were observed mostly in females than males (p &lt; 0.05). For behaviour parameters assessed by the FOCUS methodology, the n-events of \u201callo-grooming\u201d were higher (p &lt; 0.05) in SRB than in LMS and LMS \u00d7 SRB genetic types. Males showed higher (p &lt; 0.05) n-events than females for \u201cplay-fighting\u201d. For feeding behaviour, the \u201ceating concentrate\u201d activity (expressed as n-events) was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in SRB than LMS \u00d7 SRB and LMS being intermediate (p &lt; 0.05). The duration of \u201ceating concentrate\u201d (expressed in minutes) was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in females than males. In conclusion, behaviour indicators of animal welfare did not evidence substantial differences among genetic types and between sexes reared in the same \u201coptimal\u201d environmental conditions. Female beef and the autochthon\u2019s cattle breed of Sardinia, although typically hardy, showed a wide behavioural repertoire.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14050712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T10:40:17Z","timestamp":1708944017000},"page":"712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Behaviour Indicators of Animal Welfare in Purebred and Crossbred Yearling Beef Reared in Optimal Environmental Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Marzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39\/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Correddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39\/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4260-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mondina Francesca","family":"Lunesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39\/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Zgheib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39\/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9807-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Nudda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39\/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5579-0677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Pulina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39\/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738193","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2021.738193","article-title":"Positive welfare in science and society: Differences, similarities and synergies","volume":"2","author":"Vigors","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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