{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T08:41:33Z","timestamp":1793695293190,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["020002-D-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["020002-D-015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effects of acute restraint stress in the presence or absence of naltrexone on the circulating concentrations of insulin, glucose, Met-enkephalin and corticosterone in 14-week-old chickens [design: 2 sex \u00d7 2 stress\/non-stress \u00d7 2 +\/\u2212 naltrexone]. In chickens (five male and five females per treatment) subjected to restraint for 30 min, there were increases in the plasma concentrations of corticosterone and Met-enkephalin. The plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose were also increased in the chickens during restraint. Moreover, there were increases in the plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose in the chickens. The patterns of expression of the proenkephalin gene (PENK) in both the anterior pituitary gland and the adrenal gland were very similar to that of plasma Met-enkephalin. There were relationships between the plasma concentrations of corticosterone, Met-enkephalin, insulin and glucose after 30 min of restraint. The effects of naltrexone treatment on both untreated and stressed chickens were also examined, with naltrexone attenuating the stress-induced increases in the plasma concentrations of corticosterone, Met-enkephalin and glucose but not in those of insulin. The present study demonstrates that stress increases insulin secretion in chickens but also induces insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14050752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T07:56:02Z","timestamp":1709106962000},"page":"752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of Restraint Stress on Circulating Corticosterone and Met Enkephalin in Chickens: Induction of Shifts in Insulin Secretion and Carbohydrate Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4543-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin G.","family":"Scanes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystyna","family":"Pierzcha\u0142a-Koziec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture, Mickiewicza 24\/28, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Gajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.1.126","article-title":"Restraint stress: Differential cardiovascular responses in Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats","volume":"35","author":"McDougall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olave, F.A., Aguayo, F.I., Rom\u00e1n-Albasini, L., Corrales, W.A., Silva, J.P., Gonz\u00e1lez, P.I., Lagos, S., Garc\u00eda, M.A., Alarc\u00f3n-Mardones, M., and Rojas, P.S. 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