{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:44:55Z","timestamp":1792759495694,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society International Collaboration Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICA\\R1\\191058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA\\R1\\191058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society International Collaboration Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE35-0003-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE35-0003-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"ANR FutureHealthSEA Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICA\\R1\\191058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA\\R1\\191058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"ANR FutureHealthSEA Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE35-0003-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE35-0003-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neoschoengastia gallinarum is widely distributed in Asia, preferentially parasitising birds, and heavy infestations have clinical impacts on domestic fowl. In common with other trombiculid mites, the genetic diversity and potential variation in host preferences or pathology induced by N. gallinarum are poorly understood. This study aimed to unravel the geographical variation and population structure of N. gallinarum collected from galliform birds in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand by inference from concatenated mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 18S ribosomal DNA gene sequences, including a comparison with previously published data from southeastern China. Our multi-locus sequence analysis revealed three monophyletic clades comprising (A) specimens from Peninsular Malaysia, (B) the samples from Thailand together with a minority of Chinese sequences, and (C) the majority of sequences from China. Similarly, most species delimitation approaches divided the specimens into three operational taxonomic units. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 96.41% genetic divergence between Malaysian and Thai populations, further supported by the absence of gene flow (Nm = 0.01). In conclusion, despite the two countries sharing a land border, populations of N. gallinarum from Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand appear to be genetically segregated and may represent distinct cryptic species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14060980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T09:13:08Z","timestamp":1711012388000},"page":"980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis Indicates Potential Cryptic Speciation in the Chigger Mite Neoschoengastia gallinarum (Hatori, 1920) Parasitising Birds in Asia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3024-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveena","family":"Rajasegaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2789-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirikamon","family":"Koosakulnirand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5816-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim-Kee","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1285-6052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing Jing","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youseuf","family":"Suliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Saiful","family":"Mansor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd K. S.","family":"Ahmad Khusaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change, Kuala Lumpur 56100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9267-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sazaly","family":"AbuBakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kittipong","family":"Chaisiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Morand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRL HealthDEEP, CNRS-Kasetsart University-Mahidol University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7178-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zubaidah","family":"Ya\u2019cob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6100-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Makepeace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.03.009","article-title":"Chigger mites of the genus Ericotrombidium (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) attacking pets in Europe","volume":"221","author":"Stekolnikov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. 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