{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:20:03Z","timestamp":1777501203555,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club Equine Welfare Research Foundation Limited","award":["MRG\u2013[1379]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRG\u2013[1379]"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club Equine Welfare Research Foundation Limited","award":["vet\/prj\/767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["vet\/prj\/767"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001280","name":"Horserace Betting Levy Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRG\u2013[1379]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRG\u2013[1379]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001280","name":"Horserace Betting Levy Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["vet\/prj\/767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["vet\/prj\/767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Racehorses commonly train and race in one direction, which may result in gait asymmetries. This study quantified gait symmetry in two cohorts of Thoroughbreds differing in their predominant exercising direction; we hypothesized that there would be significant differences in the direction of asymmetry between cohorts. Methods: 307 Thoroughbreds (156 from Singapore Turf Club (STC)\u2014anticlockwise; 151 from Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC)\u2014clockwise) were assessed during a straight-line, in-hand trot on firm ground with inertial sensors on their head and pelvis quantifying differences between the minima, maxima, upward movement amplitudes (MinDiff, MaxDiff, UpDiff), and hip hike (HHD). The presence of asymmetry (\u22655 mm) was assessed for each variable. Chi-Squared tests identified differences in the number of horses with left\/right-sided movement asymmetry between cohorts and mixed model analyses evaluated differences in the movement symmetry values. Results: HKJC had significantly more left forelimb asymmetrical horses (Head: MinDiff p &lt; 0.0001, MaxDiff p &lt; 0.03, UpDiff p &lt; 0.01) than STC. Pelvis MinDiff (p = 0.010) and UpDiff (p = 0.021), and head MinDiff (p = 0.006) and UpDiff (p = 0.017) values were significantly different between cohorts; HKJC mean values indicated left fore- and hindlimb asymmetry, and STC mean values indicated right fore- and hindlimb asymmetry. Conclusion: the asymmetry differences between cohorts suggest that horses may adapt their gait to their racing direction, with kinematics reflecting reduced \u2018outside\u2019 fore- and hindlimb loading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14071086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T08:42:34Z","timestamp":1712133754000},"page":"1086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Associations between Racing Thoroughbred Movement Asymmetries and Racing and Training Direction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9581-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bronte","family":"Forbes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Singapore Turf Club, Singapore 738078, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8571-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winnie","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5465-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca S. V.","family":"Parkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Sepulveda Caviedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0702-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thilo","family":"Pfau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3107-5692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X159132","article-title":"Descriptive analysis of retirement of Thoroughbred racehorses due to tendon injuries at the Hong Kong Jockey Club (1992\u20132004)","volume":"39","author":"Lam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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