{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:47:18Z","timestamp":1764604038105,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Leptophallus nigrovenosus, an esophageal parasite that primarily affects water snakes of the genus Natrix, has a known life cycle that involves snail and amphibian hosts. However, the biological aspects, chaetotaxic patterns, and pathogeny of this parasite in its hosts have not been fully elucidated. (2) Methods: Snails (Planorbarius metidjensis) were collected in Spain and examined for cercaria emergence. The larvae were used to experimentally infect Salamandra salamandra, and metacercariae were isolated. Their chaetotaxy was studied using microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The eye histology was also examined. (3) Results: The cercariae displayed distinctive morphological characteristics. The results of this study revealed three types of ciliated sensory papillae on the cercarial teguments, suggesting an adaptation for host detection and orientation. The metacercariae isolated from subcutaneous tissues showed oval bodies covered in spines. The chaetotaxy patterns matched those of Leptophallinae species. This is the first report of the presence of L. nigrovenosus in the snail P. metidjensis. Additionally, this study detected metacercariae in the eyes of S. salamandra, emphasizing the need for further research on trematode infections in amphibian eyes. (4) Conclusions: Members of the genus Salamandra can serve as secondary intermediate hosts for L. nigrovenosus, and the presence of metacercariae in amphibian eyes may have implications for the survival and habitat management of these amphibians. Understanding this parasite\u2019s prevalence, transmission dynamics, and impacts on host populations is crucial for conservation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14081154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T03:29:04Z","timestamp":1712806144000},"page":"1154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New Data on the Larval Stages of Leptophallus\u00a0nigrovenosus (Digenea, Plagiorchiata)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Srisupaph","family":"Poonlaphdecha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1256-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Ribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3382-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRARC\u2014Catalonian Reptiles and Amphibians Rescue Center, 08783 Masquefa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"612","article-title":"Miscelania Helminthological Maroccana XV. Presence Au Maroc de Leptophallus Nigrovenosus (Bellingham) (Trematodes, Distomes)","volume":"6","author":"Dollfus","year":"1954","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Maroc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07523-6","article-title":"Frequent Infection of Urban Grass Snakes (Natrix Natrix) Oral Cavity with Leptophallus Nigrovenosus Trematode","volume":"121","author":"Bury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"221","article-title":"Geographic Variation in Diet Composition of the Grass Snake (Natrix Natrix) along the Mainland and an Island of Italy: The Effects of Habitat Type and Interference with Potential Competitors","volume":"15","author":"Luiselli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Herpetol. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arabuli, L., Murvanidze, L., Faltynkova, A., and Mumladze, L. (2024). Checklist of Digeneans (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Digenea) of Georgia. Biodivers. Data J., 12.","DOI":"10.3897\/BDJ.12.e110201"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"561","article-title":"A Haza i H\u00fcll\u0151k N\u00e9h\u00e1ny Bels\u0151\u00e9l\u0151sk\u00f6d\u0151 F\u00e9rge","volume":"272","year":"1962","journal-title":"Acta Acad. Paedagog. Agriensis"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Matsk\u00e1si, I., M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros, F., Murai, E., and Gub\u00e1nyi, A. (1996). The Fauna of the Bukk National Park, Hungarian Natural History Museum."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02365","article-title":"Renifer Aniarum (Digenea: Reniferidae), an Introduced North American Parasite in Grass Snakes Natrix Natrix in Calabria, Southern Italy","volume":"95","author":"Santoro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"61","article-title":"Helmintofauna Zaskro\u0144ca \u2013Natrix Natrix (L.) Okolic Kielc","volume":"25","author":"Bertman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rocz. \u015awi\u0119tokrzyski Ser. B Nauk. Przyr."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"195","article-title":"Parasites of the Water Snake, Natrix Natrix L., in Poland","volume":"37","author":"Lewin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0486-y","article-title":"Helminth Parasites of Reptiles (Reptilia) in Romania","volume":"101","author":"Mihalca","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Kirillov, A.A., Kirillova, N.Y., and Chikhlyaev, I.V. (2012). Trematodes of Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Middle Volga Region, Institute of Ecology of Volga River basin of Russian Academy of Sciences."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.46488\/NEPT.2023.v22i04.001","article-title":"Overview of Helminths in Land Vertebrates from the Mordovia Nature Reserve, European Russia","volume":"22","author":"Kirillova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Cordero del Campillo, M., Casta\u00f1\u00f3n, L., and Reguera, A. (1994). \u00cdndice-Cat\u00e1logo de Zooparasitos Ib\u00e9ricos, Universidad de Le\u00f3n."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"23","article-title":"Helmintofauna de Algunos Herpetos Del Sistema Ib\u00e9rico Espa\u00f1ol","volume":"21","author":"Galeano","year":"1996","journal-title":"An. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marushchak, O., Syrota, Y., Dmytrieva, I., Kuzmin, Y., Nechai, A., Lisitsyna, O., and Svitin, R. (2024). Helminths Found in Common Species of the Herpetofauna in Ukraine. Biodivers. Data J., 12.","DOI":"10.3897\/BDJ.12.e113770"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"325","article-title":"Diet and Parasitic Helminths of Dice Snakes from the Volga Basin, Russia","volume":"18","author":"Bakiev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mertensiella"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1944-1945205244","article-title":"Cycle \u00c9volutif Du Tr\u00e9matode Leptophallus Nigrovenosus, Parasite de La Couleuvre \u00e0 Collier (Tropinodotus Natrix), et Exp\u00e9rimentalement de La Vip\u00e8re (Vipera Aspis)","volume":"20","author":"Brumpt","year":"1944","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Fauna of the Ukraine","volume":"34","author":"Sharpilo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trematodes: Plagiorchiata. Fauna Ukr."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"La Ch\u00e9totaxie Des Cercaires. Valeur Syst\u00e9matique et Phyl\u00e9tique","volume":"67","author":"Richard","year":"1971","journal-title":"M\u00e9m. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Ser. A Zool."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"325","article-title":"Current Status of Studies on Amphibian and Reptile Parasites in Poland","volume":"9","year":"1963","journal-title":"Wiad Parazytol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1989646426","article-title":"Nomenclature Propos\u00e9e Pour La Ch\u00e9totaxie Des Cercaires de Plagiorchiata","volume":"64","author":"Albaret","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050055","article-title":"Helminth Fauna of Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes) in Belorussian Polesye","volume":"86","author":"Shimalov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012017","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/818\/1\/012017","article-title":"First Finding of Spirurid Larva (Chromadorea, Spirurida) in the Common European Viper Vipera Berus (Linnaeus, 1758) of the Russian Fauna","volume":"818","author":"Kirillov","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1163\/156853895X00488","article-title":"The Diet of Juvenile Adders, Vipera Berus, in an Alpine Habitat","volume":"16","author":"Luiselli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Amphibia-Reptilia"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00016540","article-title":"Intestinal Helminth Communities in the Green Lizard, Lacerta Viridis, from Bulgaria","volume":"72","author":"Biserkov","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"135","article-title":"Natural Diet of European Green Lizards, Lacerta Viridis (Squamata: Lacertidae): A Comparison of Macroscopic and Molecular Identification Methods","volume":"79","author":"Gajski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"339","article-title":"The Present Situation of the Research into the Stages of Development of Trematodes in Czechoslovakia","volume":"19","author":"Vojtek","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scr. Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. Purkynianae Brun."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"249","article-title":"A Comparative Study on Chromosomes in Plagiorchiid Trematodes. 1. Karyotypes of Opisthioglyphe Ranae (Frolich, 1791), Haplometra Cylindracea (Zeder, 1800) and Leptophallus Nigrovenosus (Bellingham, 1844)","volume":"33","author":"Barsiene","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2478\/v10125-011-0023-6","article-title":"Cercariae (Trematoda, Digenea) in European Freshwater Snails\u2014A Checklist of Records from over One Hundred Years","volume":"19","author":"Cichy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Folia Malacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1950251021","article-title":"Premi\u00e8re D\u00e9monstration Exp\u00e9rimentale d\u2019un Cycle Abr\u00e9g\u00e9 Chez Les Tr\u00e9matodes Dig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques. Cas Du Plagiorchis Brumpti","volume":"25","author":"Buttner","year":"1950","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1951263138","article-title":"La Proqen\u00e8se Chez Les Tr\u00e9matodes Dig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques (Suite)\u2014Recherches Personnelles Sur Deux Esp\u00e8ces Prog\u00e9n\u00e9tiques D\u00e9j\u00e0 Connues: Ratzia Joyeuxi (E. Brumpt, 1922) et Pleurogenes Medians (Olsson, 1876)","volume":"26","author":"Buttner","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"28","article-title":"The Life Cycle of Paralepoderma Cloacicola (Luhe, 1909) Dollfus, 1950 (Trematoda, Plagiorchiidae)","volume":"9","author":"Dobrovolsky","year":"1969","journal-title":"Vestn. Leningr. Gos. Univ. Seriya Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"9","article-title":"Life-Cycle of Macrodera Longicottis (Abildgaard, 1788) Luhe, 1909 (Trematoda: Ochetosomatoidea)","volume":"26","author":"Dobrovolsky","year":"1971","journal-title":"Vestn. Leningr. Gos. Univ. Seriya Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"215","article-title":"Comparative Chaetotaxy of Five Species of Plagiorchiid Cercariae, Genera Leptophallus, Metaleptophallus, Macrodera and Paralepoderma","volume":"44","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"170","article-title":"Molecular and Morphological Evidence for Close Phylogenetic Affinities of the Genera Macrodera, Leptophallus, Metaleptophallus and Paralepoderma (Digenea, Plagiorchiata)","volume":"44","author":"Tkach","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"44","article-title":"Helminths from Snakes in Northeast Spain","volume":"21","author":"Ribas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn la Asoc. Herpetol\u00f3gica Espa\u00f1ola"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2006134291","article-title":"Helminth Communities of Two Green Frogs (Rana Perezi and Rana Saharica) from Both Shores of the Alboran Sea","volume":"13","author":"Navarro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Salvador, A. (2009). Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Espa\u00f1oles, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1976513399","article-title":"Sur l\u2019impr\u00e9gnation et Le Montage Des Cercaires Pour l\u2019\u00e9tude Ch\u00e9totaxique","volume":"51","author":"Combes","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3235-9","article-title":"Morphological and Morphometric Study of Cercariae and Adult Worms of Schistosoma Mansoni (SLM Strain) Isolated from Infected Mice","volume":"112","author":"Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X1900035X","article-title":"New Data on the Nervous System of Cercaria Parvicaudata Stunkard & Shaw, 1931 (Trematoda: Renicolidae): Revisiting Old Hypotheses","volume":"94","author":"Denisova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07448-0","article-title":"Search, Find, and Penetrate: Ultrastructural Data of Furcocercariae of Cardiocephaloides Longicollis (Digenea, Strigeidae) Explain Their Transmission and Infection Strategy into Fish Hosts","volume":"121","author":"Yoneva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000200012","article-title":"Ultrastructure and Chaetotaxy of Sensory Receptors in the Cercaria of a Species of Allopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966 (Digenea: Opecoelidae)","volume":"96","author":"Caira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(96)00085-9","article-title":"Ultrastructure of Sensory Endings in Diplostomum Pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984 Cercariae (Digenea, Diplostomidae)","volume":"26","author":"Czubaj","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-016-9627-y","article-title":"Biodiversity of Trematodes in Their Intermediate Mollusc and Fish Hosts in the Freshwater Ecosystems of Europe","volume":"93","author":"Sures","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.48.3.235","article-title":"Diseases of Amphibians","volume":"48","author":"Densmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1670\/16-180","article-title":"The Effect of Parasite Infection on Phonotactic Response in the Mink Frog, Lithobates Septentrionalis","volume":"52","author":"Bevier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Herpetol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X18001244","article-title":"Patterns of Clinostomum Marginatum Infection in Fishes and Amphibians: Integration of Field, Genetic, and Experimental Approaches","volume":"94","author":"Calhoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"30","article-title":"Quince A\u00f1os de Seguimiento de Las Poblaciones de Anfibios Del Macizo de Pe\u00f1alara (Parque Nacional de La Sierra de Guadarrama, Madrid)","volume":"25","author":"Bosch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn la Asoc. Herpetol\u00f3gica Espa\u00f1ola"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"284","article-title":"Pastures vs Forests: Do Traditional Pastoral Activities Negatively Affect Biodiversity? The Case of Amphibians Communities","volume":"9","author":"Manenti","year":"2013","journal-title":"North-West. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, M.B., Guilhaumon, F., Rodrigues Neto, D., Pozo Ortego, I., and G\u00f3mez Calmaestra, R. (2011). Proyecciones de Las \u00c1reas de Distribuci\u00f3n Potencial de La Fauna de Vertebrados de La Espa\u00f1a Peninsular Por Efecto Del Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, Impactos, Vulnerabilidad y Adaptaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico de la Biodiversidad Espa\u00f1ola."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.118346","article-title":"Potential Hotspots of Amphibian Roadkill Risk in Spain","volume":"342","author":"Morelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"777","article-title":"Incidence of Emerging Pathogens in Legal and Illegal Amphibian Trade in Spain","volume":"14","author":"Bosch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Herpetol. Notes"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105541","article-title":"Climate Warming Triggers the Emergence of Native Viruses in Iberian Amphibians","volume":"25","author":"Price","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605306000093","article-title":"Chytrid Fungus Infection Related to Unusual Mortalities of Salamandra Salamandra and Bufo Bufo in the Pe\u00f1alara Natural Park, Spain","volume":"40","author":"Bosch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oryx"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bosch, J., Martel, A., Sopniewski, J., Thumsov\u00e1, B., Ayres, C., Scheele, B.C., Velo-Ant\u00f3n, G., and Pasmans, F. (2021). Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans Threat to the Iberian Urodele Hotspot. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7080644"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12707","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12707","article-title":"Integral Chain Management of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"13","author":"Martel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conserv. Lett."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"367","article-title":"Helmints Par\u00e0sits de Salamandra Salamandra Al Parc Natural Del Montseny","volume":"8","author":"Ribas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Monogr. Montseny"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.79789","article-title":"Haematoloechus Carbonelli Sp.n. (Haematoloechidae: Plagiorchiata) Un Nouveau Tr\u00e9matode Parasite d\u2019Amphibiens de La P\u00e9ninsule Ib\u00e9rique","volume":"98","author":"Lluch","year":"1991","journal-title":"R\u00e9vue Suisse Zool."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02756.x","article-title":"Description of a New Species: Dorylaimus Parasiticus, a Parasite of Amphibians in the Iberian Peninsula (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)","volume":"237","author":"Navarro","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manenti, R., Mercurio, S., Melotto, A., Barzaghi, B., Pennati, R., Scar\u00ec, G.U., Ficetola, G.F., Epis, S., and Tecilla, M. (2022). A New Disease Caused by an Unidentified Etiological Agent Affects European Salamanders. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12060696"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000106","article-title":"Negative Effects of Parasitic Lung Nematodes on the Fitness of a Neotropical Toad (Rhinella Horribilis)","volume":"146","author":"Kelehear","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01973-1","article-title":"Microplastics Increase Susceptibility of Amphibian Larvae to the Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis","volume":"11","author":"Bosch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07281","article-title":"Agrochemicals Increase Trematode Infections in a Declining Amphibian Species","volume":"455","author":"Rohr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13988","article-title":"Host Exposure to a Common Pollutant Can Influence Diversity-Disease Relationships","volume":"92","author":"Buss","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.2307\/3282525","article-title":"Pathology and Mortality of the Lung Fluke Haematoloechus Longiplexus (Trematoda) in Rana Catesbeiana","volume":"73","author":"Shields","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(03)00148-X","article-title":"Amphibian Deformities and Ribeiroia Infection: An Emerging Helminthiasis","volume":"19","author":"Johnson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2351.1","article-title":"Echinostome-Induced Mortality Varies across Amphibian Species in the Field","volume":"96","author":"Holland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svinin, A.O., Chikhlyaev, I.V., Bashinskiy, I.W., Osipov, V.V., Neymark, L.A., Ivanov, A.Y., Stoyko, T.G., Chernigova, P.I., Ibrogimova, P.K., and Litvinchuk, S.N. (2023). Diversity of Trematodes from the Amphibian Anomaly P Hotspot: Role of Planorbid Snails. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281740"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-bja10066","article-title":"Discovery of a Pelophylax Saharicus (Anura, Ranidae) Population in Southern France: A New Potentially Invasive Species of Water Frogs in Europe","volume":"42","author":"Mazepa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Amphibia-Reptilia"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-012-0785-3","article-title":"Macroparasite Infections of Amphibians: What Can They Tell Us?","volume":"9","author":"Koprivnikar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecohealth"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/8\/1154\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:26:01Z","timestamp":1760106361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/8\/1154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ani14081154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani14081154","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]}}}