{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:14:38Z","timestamp":1760109278911,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2023\/13378-8","2020\/09633-0","309701\/2022-8","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/13378-8","2020\/09633-0","309701\/2022-8","001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Technological Development (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/13378-8","2020\/09633-0","309701\/2022-8","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/13378-8","2020\/09633-0","309701\/2022-8","001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["2023\/13378-8","2020\/09633-0","309701\/2022-8","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/13378-8","2020\/09633-0","309701\/2022-8","001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of gastric disorders in high-performance horses, especially gastric ulceration, ranges from 50 to 90%. These pathological conditions have negative impacts on athletic performance and health. This study was designed to evaluate changes in gastric pH during a 24 h period and to compare gastrin concentrations at different time points in horses undergoing general inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency. Twenty-two mixed-breed mares weighing 400 \u00b1 50 kg and aged 8 \u00b1 2 years were used. Of these, eight were fasted for 8 h and submitted to 90 min of general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency. Gastric juice samples were collected prior to anesthesia (T0), and then at 15 min intervals during anesthesia (T15\u2013T90). After recovery from anesthesia (45 \u00b1 1 min), samples were collected every hour for 24 h (T1 to T24) for gastric juice pH measurement. During this period, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water and were fed a commercial concentrate twice (T4 and T16). In a second group (control), four non-anesthetized mares were submitted to 8 h of fasting followed by nasogastric intubation. Gastric juice samples were then collected at T0, T15, T30, T45, T60, T75, and T90. During this period, mares did not receive food or water. After 45 min, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, and gastric juice samples were collected every hour for four hours (T1 to T4). In a third group comprising ten non-fasted, non-anesthetized mares with free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, gastric juice samples were collected 30 min after concentrate intake (T0). In anesthetized mares, blood gastrin levels were measured prior to anesthesia (8 h fasting; baseline), during recovery from anesthesia, and 4 months after the anesthetic procedure, 90 min after the morning meal. Mean values of gastric juice pH remained acidic during general anesthesia. Mean pH values were within the physiological range (4.52 \u00b1 1.69) and did not differ significantly between time points (T15\u2013T90; p \u2009&gt;\u2009 0.05). After recovery from anesthesia, mean gastric pH values increased and remained in the alkaline range throughout the 24 h period of evaluation. Significant differences were observed between T0 (4.88 \u00b1 2.38), T5 (7.08 \u00b1 0.89), T8 (7.43 \u00b1 0.22), T9 (7.28 \u00b1 0.36), T11 (7.26 \u00b1 0.71), T13 (6.74 \u00b1 0.90), and T17 (6.94 \u00b1 1.04) (p \u2009&lt; \u20090.05). The mean gastric juice pH ranged from weakly acidic to neutral or weakly alkaline in all groups, regardless of food and water intake (i.e., in the fasted, non-fasted, and fed states). Mean gastric pH measured in the control group did not differ from values measured during the 24 h post-anesthesia period or in the non-fasted group. Gastrin concentrations increased significantly during the post-anesthetic period compared to baseline (20.15 \u00b1 7.65 pg\/mL and 15.15 \u00b1 3.82 pg\/mL respectively; p \u2009&lt;\u2009 0.05). General inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency did not affect gastric juice pH, which remained acidic and within the physiological range. Gastric juice pH was weakly alkaline after recovery from anesthesia and in the fasted and fed states. Serum gastrin levels increased in response to general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency and were not influenced by fasting. Preventive pharmacological measures are not required in horses submitted to general anesthesia and dorsal recumbency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14081183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T03:56:13Z","timestamp":1713153373000},"page":"1183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Gastric pH and Gastrin Concentrations in Horses Subjected to General Inhalation Anesthesia in Dorsal Recumbency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9388-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus Leonardo Suarez","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6152-281X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Henrique Salles","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9401-7142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00edlia Alves","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6900-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia de Assis","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8608-8688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elidiane","family":"Rusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5307-3228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda Val\u00e9ria dos Santos","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9230-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Velasco-Bola\u00f1os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Agropecuarias (Group GIsCA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituci\u00f3n Universitaria Visi\u00f3n de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660003, Colombia"},{"name":"Research Group Calidad de Leche y Epidemiolog\u00eda Veterin\u00e1ria (CLEV), Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0580-0467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano Bonfim","family":"Carregaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4275-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Gebara Sampaio","family":"D\u00f3ria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2017.11.007","article-title":"Advances in Diagnostics and Treatments in Horses and Foals with Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers","volume":"34","author":"Buchanan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. 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