{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:11:29Z","timestamp":1760109089808,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Agricultural Technology","award":["No. 2019-69012-29905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019-69012-29905"]}]},{"name":"Argentinean Federation of Canary Breeders","award":["No. 2019-69012-29905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019-69012-29905"]}]},{"name":"USDA Animal Health Awards","award":["No. 2019-69012-29905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019-69012-29905"]}]},{"name":"USDA-NIFA Sustainable Agriculture Systems","award":["No. 2019-69012-29905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019-69012-29905"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Birds, including canaries and other birds, have become increasingly popular as pets. Bird fairs, where breeders gather and show their production in a championship setting, present a setting for possible Salmonella spp. contamination and transmission. Therefore, this study estimated the rate of Salmonella spp. isolation from cage papers, located in the bottom of cages of exotic pet birds, including canaries. Collected Salmonella isolates were used to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile to 52 antibiotics and 17 commercial disinfectants, based on pure or a mixture of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, alkalis, halogens, peroxygen, and quaternary ammonium compounds. The samples consisted of 774 cage papers taken in the 2015 Argentinean canary breeder championship, pooling three cage papers into one sterile sampling bag. Only one pool of the cage papers was positive for Salmonella spp. (0.4%), which belonged to the sample from three frill canary cages. Two strains of Salmonella serotype Glostrup were isolated, which were only resistant to sulfonamides and erythromycin and sensitive to alkali-based product PL301 AS. Although the rate of Salmonella spp. isolation from cage papers in an Argentinean canary breeder championship is low, it should not be discounted because Salmonella ser. Glostrup can be a source of human Salmonella outbreaks and they show high resistance to disinfecting products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14081207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T10:52:37Z","timestamp":1713351157000},"page":"1207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study of Salmonella spp. from Cage Papers Belonging to Pet Birds in an Argentinean Canary Breeder Championship"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dante J.","family":"Bueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria EEA Concepci\u00f3n del Uruguay, Ruta Provincial 39 Km 143.5, Concepci\u00f3n del Uruguay E3260, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda sede Basavilbaso, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Entre R\u00edos, Bar\u00f3n Hirsch N\u00ba 175, Basavilbaso E3170, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco I.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agencia Santafecina de Seguridad Alimentaria, Francia, Santa Fe S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana C.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BBR Industries Argentina, Calle 70, La Plata B1904BHQ, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario A.","family":"Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria EEA Concepci\u00f3n del Uruguay, Ruta Provincial 39 Km 143.5, Concepci\u00f3n del Uruguay E3260, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4082-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Procura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Bromatolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Entre R\u00edos, Pte. Per\u00f3n 1154, Gualeguaych\u00fa E2820, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana C.","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Entre R\u00edos, 25 de Mayo 353, Concepci\u00f3n del Uruguay E3260, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1451-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Departamento Avicultura, Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria EEA Concepci\u00f3n del Uruguay, Ruta Provincial 39 Km 143.5, Concepci\u00f3n del Uruguay E3170, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Alcain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Enterobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (I.N.E.I.), Dr. \u201cCarlos G. Malbr\u00e1n\u201d, Av. V\u00e9lez Sarsfield 583, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires C1282AFF, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda I.","family":"Caffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Enterobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (I.N.E.I.), Dr. \u201cCarlos G. Malbr\u00e1n\u201d, Av. V\u00e9lez Sarsfield 583, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires C1282AFF, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6250-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan D.","family":"Latorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier O.","family":"Quintar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Twity, Estrada 575, Concepci\u00f3n del Uruguay E3260, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kaminsky, A. (2024, April 04). Do Canaries Make Good Pets? Canar Make Good Pets All Things Natura. Available online: https:\/\/www.allthingsnature.org\/do-canaries-make-good-pets.htm."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"879","article-title":"Management of canaries, finches, and mynahs","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Harrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Avian Medicine"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"526","article-title":"Supplement 2008\u20132010 (no. 48) to the White\u2013Kauffmann\u2013Le Minor scheme","volume":"165","author":"Roggentin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00591-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00591-19","article-title":"Worldwide Epidemiology of Salmonella Serovars in Animal-Based Foods: A Meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Ferrari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Ritchie, B.W., Harrison, G.J., and Harrison, L.R. (1994). Avian Medicine, Principles and Application, Wingers Publishing."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450903349170","article-title":"Study of an unusual paratyphoid epornitic in canaries (Serinus canaria)","volume":"38","author":"Madadgar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"145","article-title":"Salmonella infection in birds kept in parks and pet shops in Tehran, Iran","volume":"5","author":"Rahmani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2014.12.009","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacterial isolates from breeder canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) with clinical disease","volume":"24","author":"Giacopello","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exot. Pet. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-5829","article-title":"Detection of Enterobacteriaceae, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli in canaries (Serinus canaria) in northeastern Brazil","volume":"39","author":"Beleza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pesqui Veterin\u00e1ria Bras."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"The Center for Food Security and Public Health (2024, April 03). Disinfection 101. Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine. Available online: https:\/\/www.cfsph.iastate.edu\/Disinfection\/Assets\/Disinfection101.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drauch, V., Ibesich, C., Vogl, C., Hess, M., and Hess, C. (2020). In-vitro testing of bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of commercial disinfectants against Salmonella Infantis reveals substantial differences between products and bacterial strains. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 328.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108660"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2016.1188369","article-title":"An in-vitro investigation into the efficacy of disinfectants used in the duck industry against Salmonella","volume":"45","author":"Gosling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2017.18.2.209","article-title":"Efficacy evaluation of commercial disinfectants by using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a test organism","volume":"18","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2010.537303","article-title":"Evaluation of commonly-used farm disinfectants in wet and dry models of Salmonella farm contamination","volume":"40","author":"McLaren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Cuevas Mart\u00ednez, R. (2010). Los Canarios Lipocr\u00f3micos y Mel\u00e1nicos, Editorial Hispano Europea SA."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"National Agrifood Health and Quality Service (2024, April 04). Manual de Procedimientos Operativos. Programa de Vigilancia y Control de la Contaminaci\u00f3n por Salmonella spp. en Granjas Av\u00edcolas Comerciales. Available online: https:\/\/www.argentina.gob.ar\/sites\/default\/files\/2._manual_de_procedimientos_operativos_vigilancia_y_control_de_salmonella_spp._en_granjas_avicolas_comerciales_-res._senasa_ndeg_86.2016._version_2018_0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-36","article-title":"Zoonoses in pet birds: Review and perspectives","volume":"44","author":"Boseret","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Highfill, C. (2024, April 04). Cage Liners: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Winged Wisdom Magazine. Available online: https:\/\/www.birdcageliners.com\/services.html."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2020, April 03). Federaci\u00f3n Argentina de Canaricultura. Cat\u00e1logo Campeonato 2015 (Championship Catalog Year 2015). Available online: http:\/\/www.faccanarios.com.ar\/."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2024, April 04). Palermo Tour. Canarios en La Rural: La 65 Edici\u00f3n del Campeonato Nacional de Canaricultura. Available online: https:\/\/palermotour.com.ar\/tourdenoticias\/canarios-en-la-rural-la-65a-edicion-del-campeonato-nacional-de-canaricultura\/."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Grimont, P.A.D., and Weill, F.-X. (2007). Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella Serovars, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Salmonella, Institute Pasteur. [9th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2015). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. [25th ed.]. CLSI Supplement M100. 25th ed."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2022). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. [32nd ed.]. CLSI Supplement M100. 32nd ed."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2022). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals (Standard No. VET01S-Ed5)."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: An international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.46.1.165-170.1983","article-title":"Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify high-risk sources of fecal contamination of foods","volume":"46","author":"Krumperman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2010.06.001","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella in chicken eggs collected from poultry farms and marketing channels and their antimicrobial resistance","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01701-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01701-20","article-title":"Simple phenotypic tests to improve accuracy in screening chromosomal and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacilli","volume":"59","author":"Pasteran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.12681\/jhvms.15367","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella infection in pigeons, canaries and psittacines","volume":"53","author":"Georgiades","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hell Vet. Med. Soc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.2307\/1589197","article-title":"Salmonellosis in Canaries","volume":"19","author":"Harrington","year":"1975","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"129","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from poultry slaughterhouses in Korea","volume":"61","author":"Kidie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-635X2013000400003","article-title":"Experimental infection of one-day-old chicks with Salmonella Serotypes Previously isolated from poultry facilities, wild birds, and swine","volume":"15","author":"Werther","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Ci\u00eanc. Av\u00edcola"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaj\u0105c, M., Skar\u017cy\u0144ska, M., Lalak, A., Kwit, R., \u015amia\u0142owska-W\u0119gli\u0144ska, A., Pasim, P., Szulowski, K., and Wasyl, D. (2021). Salmonella in Captive Reptiles and Their Environment\u2014Can We Tame the Dragon?. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9051012"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-89132004000200005","article-title":"Resistance profile to antimicrobials of Salmonella spp. isolated from human infections","volume":"47","author":"Delicato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-34","article-title":"Animal contact as a source of human non-typhoidal salmonellosis","volume":"42","author":"Hoelzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Brunton, L.L., Lazo, J.S., and Parker, K.L. (2006). The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutic, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.. [11th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s101560050011","article-title":"Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to macrolide antibiotics","volume":"5","author":"Nakajima","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03145.x","article-title":"Comparison of disc diffusion, Etest and agar dilution for susceptibility testing of colistin against Enterobacteriaceae: Comparison of methods for testing colistin","volume":"53","author":"Maalej","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"175","article-title":"Factors in the selection of surface disinfectants use in a laboratory animal setting","volume":"55","author":"Campagna","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.597","article-title":"Uses of inorganic hypochlorite (bleach) in health-care facilities","volume":"10","author":"Rutala","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Rutala, W.A., and Weber, D.J. (2024, February 11). The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/infectioncontrol\/pdf\/guidelines\/disinfection-guidelines-H.pdf."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/8\/1207\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:29:32Z","timestamp":1760106572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/8\/1207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ani14081207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani14081207","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]}}}