{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:01:16Z","timestamp":1760144476651,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Community\u2019s Seventh Framework Program","award":["FP7 2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7 2007-2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) is the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), as well as one of the main pathogens involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex. The host\u2013pathogen interaction between Mhyo and infected pigs is complex and not completely understood; however, improving the understanding of these intricacies is essential for the development of effective control strategies of EP. In order to improve our knowledge about this interaction, laser-capture microdissection was used to collect bronchi, bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue, and lung parenchyma from animals infected with different strains of Mhyo, and mRNA expression levels of different molecules involved in Mhyo infection (ICAM1, IL-8, IL-10, IL-23, IFN-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, TGF-\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1) were analyzed by qPCR. In addition, the quantification of Mhyo load in the different lung compartments and the scoring of macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions were also performed. Strain-associated differences in virulence were observed, as well as the presence of significant differences in expression levels of cytokines among lung compartments. IL-8 and IL-10 presented the highest upregulation, with limited differences between strains and lung compartments. IFN-\u03b1 was strongly downregulated in BALT, implying a relevant role for this cytokine in the immunomodulation associated with Mhyo infections. IL-23 was also upregulated in all lung compartments, suggesting the potential involvement of a Th17-mediated immune response in Mhyo infections. Our findings highlight the relevance of Th1 and Th2 immune response in cases of EP, shedding light on the gene expression levels of key cytokines in the lung of pigs at a microscopic level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14091290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T08:08:32Z","timestamp":1714032512000},"page":"1290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differential Gene Expression in Porcine Lung Compartments after Experimental Infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3706-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n S.","family":"Rosales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmonta\u00f1a s\/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3405-8801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Risco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Histolog\u00eda y Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad, s\/n, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8922-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obdulio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Nicol\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelh\u00e4usern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9913-5420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Pallar\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of C\u00f3rdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus \u201cCeiA3\u201d, 14001 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8721-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmonta\u00f1a s\/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9846-2427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 B.","family":"Poveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmonta\u00f1a s\/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin A. J.","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oaks, Nutshell Lane, Farnham, Surrey GU9 0HG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Salguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Rd, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmerman, J.J., Karriker, L.A., Ramirez, A., Schwartz, K.J., Stevenson, G.W., and Zhang, J. (2019). 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