{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:40:54Z","timestamp":1778589654121,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico)"},{"name":"FAPESPA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas do Estado do Par\u00e1)"},{"name":"CAPES (Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Finance Code 001)"},{"name":"PROPESP-UFPA (Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa e P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An allergy to bites from Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) occurs because of a hypersensitivity reaction caused by the inoculation of insect salivary antigens during the bite, resulting in immune-mediated dermatitis. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have focused on allergic dermatitis in donkeys in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinicopathological, and therapeutic aspects of allergic dermatitis in donkeys and to identify the insects involved in its epidemiology. This study reported the occurrence of dermatitis in 17 animals. The clinical signs were restlessness and severe itching. Skin lesions were found on the head, depigmented areas of the muzzle and cheeks, flanks, pelvic and thoracic limbs, and the scrotal sac. The lesions were characterized by areas of alopecia with crusts accompanied by serosanguineous exudates. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as moderate superficial dermatitis with irregular epidermal acanthosis and pronounced diffuse orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. In total, 378 Culicoides specimens were collected, with Culicoides ocumarensis Ortiz being the most abundant species. The combined application of copaiba oil and a multivitamin emulsion exhibited potential for topical treatment of allergic dermatitis caused by insect bites in donkeys. Our study revealed an association between allergic dermatitis in donkeys and Culicoides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14091330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T08:49:24Z","timestamp":1714380564000},"page":"1330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Allergic Dermatitis in P\u00eaga Breed Donkeys (Equus asinus) Caused by Culicoides Bites in the Amazon Biome, Par\u00e1, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8915-5735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Diomedes","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5142-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Hilma Soares","family":"Sodr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7837-4246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Cordeiro","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo S\u00e9rgio Chagas","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ant\u00f4nio Leite College\/UNIBTA (FAL), Castanhal 68742-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Magno Chaves","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiane Teles Albernaz","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alcides Sarmento","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eryca Ceolin","family":"Lamego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milena Carolina","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6843-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossela Damasceno","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biology of Infectious Agents and Parasites, PPGBAIP\/UFPA, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo C\u00e9sar","family":"Magalh\u00e3es Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of Amap\u00e1 (IFAP), Agricultural Campus of Porto Grande, Porto Grande 68997-000, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7934-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Analiel","family":"Serruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-6437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Masiero","family":"Salvarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0270-8948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia da Silva e Silva","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAOSTAT (2016). 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