{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:02:57Z","timestamp":1760144577241,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It was the aim of this study to examine whether the usage of the vaccine COXEVAC\u00ae (Ceva Sant\u00e9 Animale) could reduce the consumption of antibiotics in Q-fever-positive dairy farms. Additionally, the effects of other herd-level factors on the consumption of antibiotics were investigated. A total of 36 farms with vaccination and 13 farms without vaccination participated in this longitudinal cohort study. In all herds, Coxiella burnetii had been directly or indirectly diagnosed. To compare the treatment frequency of antibiotics between the vaccinated group and the non-vaccinated group, the consumption of antibiotics for each farm was collected using the veterinary documents about the application and delivery of antibiotics. To gather detailed information about herd data, nutrition, milking management, housing, and animal health, the farmers were interviewed with the help of a questionnaire. The results thereof suggest that there might be an association between the vaccination against Q fever and a reduced consumption of antibiotics. Neither herd size nor milk yield level influenced the consumption of antibiotics in the study herds. Type of flooring and udder-cluster disinfection while milking were associated with a lower and higher therapy frequency, respectively. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the cause\u2013effect relationship between vaccination and the consumption of antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14091375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T03:43:46Z","timestamp":1714707826000},"page":"1375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Which Factors Influence the Consumption of Antibiotics in Q-Fever-Positive Dairy Farms in Northern Germany?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Niclas","family":"Huber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4510-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascha","family":"Gundling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Thurow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany"},{"name":"UA Ruhr, Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security, 44227 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Ligges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8154-2642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Hoedemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emergence of Q Fever","volume":"40","author":"Angelakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran. 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