{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T10:08:12Z","timestamp":1775902092193,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this multicenter, prospective, observational study, abdominal aortic flow was examined with pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound in dogs with a left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and in apparently healthy dogs. Forty-eight dogs with a PDA and 35 controls were included. In the dogs with a PDA, 37\/48 had hemodynamically significant PDAs (hsPDAs) while 11\/48 had non-hsPDAs, based on the presence or absence of echocardiographic signs of left-sided volume overload, respectively. In 12 dogs (4\/35 control dogs, 7\/37 dogs with an hsPDA and 1\/11 dogs with a non-hsPDA), the diastole was too short to visualize the end-diastolic flow. Antegrade end-diastolic flow was observed in 30\/35 controls and 6\/11 dogs with a non-hsPDA. Absent end-diastolic flow was observed in 1\/35 control dogs and 3\/11 dogs with a non-hsPDA. Retrograde end-diastolic flow was observed in 30\/37 dogs with an hsPDA and 1\/11 dogs with a non-hsPDA. Twenty-one dogs (15 with an hsPDA and 6 with a non-hsPDA) were reassessed after PDA closure, and, in 19\/21, end-diastolic flow was visualized: 17\/19 showed an antegrade flow, 1\/19 an absent flow and 1\/19 a retrograde flow. Sensitivity and specificity of retrograde end-diastolic flow for detection of hsPDAs were 100% and 90%, respectively. In conclusion, ultrasonographic assessment of abdominal aortic flow was feasible in dogs with PDA. However, end-diastolic flow was not always visualized. The presence of a retrograde end-diastolic flow was an accurate finding for discriminating hsPDAs and non-hsPDAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14101404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T03:23:19Z","timestamp":1715138599000},"page":"1404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Doppler Ultrasonographic Assessment of Abdominal Aortic Flow to Evaluate the Hemodynamic Relevance of Left-to-Right Shunting Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5900-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne E.","family":"van de Watering","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Veterinaire Specialisten Vught, Reutseplein 3, 5264 PN Vught, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0956-4038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie A. M.","family":"van Rossem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Baron Toaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3738-6827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niek J.","family":"Beijerink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinaire Specialisten Vught, Reutseplein 3, 5264 PN Vught, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3640-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alma H.","family":"Hulsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Szatm\u00e1ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Santarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0711.x","article-title":"Retrospective review of congenital heart disease in 976 dogs","volume":"25","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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