{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:55:39Z","timestamp":1781286939855,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FIU College of Arts, Science &amp; Education Distinguished Postdoctoral Scholar Program","award":["#HRD-1547798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#HRD-1547798"]}]},{"name":"FIU College of Arts, Science &amp; Education Distinguished Postdoctoral Scholar Program","award":["#HRD-2111661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#HRD-2111661"]}]},{"name":"FIU ORED","award":["#HRD-1547798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#HRD-1547798"]}]},{"name":"FIU ORED","award":["#HRD-2111661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#HRD-2111661"]}]},{"name":"CREST","award":["#HRD-1547798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#HRD-1547798"]}]},{"name":"CREST","award":["#HRD-2111661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#HRD-2111661"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is growing concern about the potential adverse health effects of phthalates (PAEs) on human health and the environment due to their extensive use as plasticizers and additives in commercial and consumer products. In this study, we assessed PAE concentrations in serum samples from aquarium-based delphinids (Tursiops truncatus, n = 36; Orcinus orca, n = 42) from California, Florida, and Texas, USA. To better understand the physiological effects of phthalates on delphinids, we also explored potential correlations between phthalates and the biomarkers aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde while accounting for sex, age, and reproductive stage. All PAEs were detected in at least one of the individuals. \u03a3PAE ranges were 5.995\u20132743 ng\u00b7mL\u22121 in bottlenose dolphins and 5.372\u201388,675 ng\u00b7mL\u22121 in killer whales. Both species displayed higher mean concentrations of DEP and DEHP. PAEs were detected in newborn delphinids, indicating transference via placenta and\/or lactation. Linear mixed model results indicated significant correlations between aldosterone, month, location, status, and \u03a3PAEs in killer whales, suggesting that aldosterone concentrations are likely affected by the cumulative effects of these variables. This study expands on the knowledge of delphinid physiological responses to PAEs and may influence management and conservation decisions on contamination discharge regulations near these species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14101488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T04:26:29Z","timestamp":1715919989000},"page":"1488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of Phthalate Esters and Physiological Biomarkers in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6324-0894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila S.","family":"Lemos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA"},{"name":"Emerging Contaminants of Concern Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Di Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Contaminants of Concern Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen J.","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, United Parks and Resorts, San Diego, CA 92109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd R.","family":"Robeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, United Parks and Resorts, San Diego, CA 92109, USA"},{"name":"United Parks and Resorts, 7007 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32821, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia S.","family":"Quinete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA"},{"name":"Emerging Contaminants of Concern Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Research Council (2008). 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