{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:26:22Z","timestamp":1790061982585,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The vaginal tract comprises commensal microorganisms, which play an essential role in the health of the reproductive tract. Any dysbiosis in the vaginal microenvironment may lead to severe urinary tract infections or even infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the aerobic bacterial flora isolated from vaginal samples from 100 lactating bitches in the antepartum period (n = 3), postpartum period (n = 80), and with Lactatio sine graviditate (n = 17). Before vaginal swabs, all the bitches went through a gynecology consult, along with milk and blood sampling. Standard microbiological techniques were used for bacterial isolation. Among the 100 vaginal samples analyzed, 82% had a positive microbiological outcome, while 18% were negative. The microbiologic profile listed 17 different genera. The main isolated bacterial families were Micrococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Morganellaceae, Bacillaceae, and Rhizobiaceae. At the same time, strains like Agrobacterium radiobacter, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Chromobacterium violaceum, Burkholderia mallei, Bacillus pumllus, or Staphylococcus xylosus were isolated for the first time from the vaginal secretion of lactating bitches. The microbiological data demonstrates that lactating bitches\u2019 vaginal discharge is heterogeneous and may be affected by coitus, sampling season, age, and reproductive status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14101501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T03:36:42Z","timestamp":1716176202000},"page":"1501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Aerobic Vaginal Microflora in Gestational and Non-Gestational Bitches (Canis lupus familiaris)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul Alexandru","family":"Pop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iosif","family":"Vasiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Meroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0108-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piera Anna","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0521-1563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"D\u0105browski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5323-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asta","family":"Tvarijonaviciute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cMare Nostrum\u201d, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iosif Nicodim","family":"Fi\u0163","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2021.100584","article-title":"Dogs\u2019 Microbiome from Tip to Toe","volume":"45","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top. 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