{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:14:44Z","timestamp":1787764484619,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Acad\u00e9mie de Recherche et d\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur, Commission de la Coop\u00e9ration au D\u00e9veloppement (ARES CCD), Brussels, Belgium"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two surveys were conducted to assess the prevalence and risk factors of ovine caseous lymphadenitis (CL) and explore the association between its superficial and visceral forms in Sardi sheep in Settat province, Morocco. A total of 1521 sheep, including 318 lambs &lt; 6 months, 572 young sheep aged 6\u201324 months, and 631 adult sheep &gt; 24 months, were examined from 57 flocks. Superficial CL prevalence levels were as follows: 69\/318 in lambs, 292\/572 in young sheep, and 114\/631 in adult sheep. Additionally, 2124 sheep, including 1813 young and 311 adult sheep, were inspected in slaughterhouses ante- and post-mortem. Among all infected animals, the prevalence of visceral abscesses was notably higher in adult sheep (83%, OR = 9.8, 95% CI = 5.5\u201317.2) compared to young sheep (35%). Data on flock size, sex, age, body condition score, rearing methods, and hygienic measures were collected. Suspected CL cases were confirmed using quadruplex-PCR. Poor barn ventilation, lack of abscess control, and younger age were identified as key risk factors for CL. Additionally, a high percentage (89%) of animals with thoracic abscesses did not display superficial lesions. While age and abscess control have been reported in previous studies, barn ventilation appears to be a new, but important, risk factor. In conclusion, the identified risk factors in Settat province are linked to breeding management practices. Implementing regular abscess control measures and improving barn ventilation are essential for CL prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14101504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T03:36:42Z","timestamp":1716176202000},"page":"1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rearing Management and Its Impact on Caseous Lymphadenitis in Sheep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nora","family":"El Khalfaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium"},{"name":"Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3443-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bouchra","family":"El Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1416-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Cabaraux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6802-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mouad","family":"Chentouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Raes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanguy","family":"Marcotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1788-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Kirschvink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ritchie, H., Rosado, P., and Roser, M. 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