{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T22:36:16Z","timestamp":1772058976667,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua","award":["BIRD210528\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD210528\/21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a significant burden for poultry production and market due to both direct disease and induced immunosuppression. In the present study, the expression of different cytokines in the bursa of Fabricius and thymus was evaluated during a 28-day-long experimental infection with two strains classified in the G1a (Classical) and G6 (ITA) genogroups. Although both strains significantly affected and modulated the expression of different molecules, the G6 strain seemed to induce a delayed immune response or suppress it more promptly. A recovery in the expression of several mediators was observed in the G1a-infected group at the end of the study, but not in the G6 one, further supporting a more persistent immunosuppression. This evidence fits with the higher replication level previously reported for the G6 and with the clinical outcome, as this genotype, although subclinical, has often been considered more immunosuppressive. However, unlike other studies focused on shorter time periods after infection, the patterns observed in this paper were highly variable and complex, depending on the strain, tissue, and time point, and characterized by a non-negligible within-group variability. Besides confirming the strain\/genogroup effect on immune system modulation, the present study suggests the usefulness of longer monitoring activities after experimental infection to better understand the complex patterns and interactions with the host response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14111619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T03:45:08Z","timestamp":1717040708000},"page":"1619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring Variability: Inflammation Mediator Levels across Tissues and Time in Poultry Experimentally Infected by the G1a and G6 Genogroups of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2991-217X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Franzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Dotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2085-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Lupini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-3343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Legnardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Maria","family":"Tucciarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Poletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6232-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Catelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9857-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Graziosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2269-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Cecchinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5435-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Pasotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3390\/poultry1040020","article-title":"A Walk through Gumboro Disease","volume":"1","author":"Franciosini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poultry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2020.1716652","article-title":"Infectious Bursal Disease: Transmission, Pathogenesis, Pathology and Control\u2014An Overview","volume":"76","author":"Orakpoghenor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Worlds Poult. 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