{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:33:15Z","timestamp":1762543995283,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["E55F21002890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E55F21002890001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory diseases significantly affect intensive pig finishing farms, causing production losses and increased antimicrobial use (AMU). Lesion scoring at slaughter has been recognized as a beneficial practice to evaluate herd management. The integrated analysis of abattoir lesion scores and AMU data could improve decision-making by providing feedback to veterinarians and farmers on the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments, thus rationalizing their use. This study compared lung and pleural lesion scores collected at Italian pig slaughterhouses with on-farm AMU, estimated through a treatment index per 100 days (TI100). Overall, 24,752 pig carcasses, belonging to 236 batches from 113 finishing farms, were inspected. Bronchopneumonia and chronic pleuritis were detected in 55% and 48% of the examined pigs, respectively. Antimicrobials were administered in 97% of the farms during the six months prior to slaughter (median TI100 = 5.2), notwithstanding compliance with the mandatory withdrawal period. EMA category B (critical) antimicrobials were administered in 15.2% of cases (median TI100 = 0.06). The lung score was not associated with the total AMU, but significant, positive associations were found with the past use of critical antimicrobials (p = 0.041) and macrolides (p = 0.044). This result highlights the potential of abattoir lung lesion monitoring to rationalize antimicrobial stewardship efforts, contributing to AMU reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14111621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T03:45:08Z","timestamp":1717040708000},"page":"1621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Integrated Analysis of Abattoir Lung Lesion Scores and Antimicrobial Use in Italian Heavy Pig Finishing Farms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6634-4410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Recchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Diagnostic and Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u2018Bruno Ubertini\u2019 (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 7\/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7351-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Ghidini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5964-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Diagnostic and Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u2018Bruno Ubertini\u2019 (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 7\/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics\u2014Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, \u00d8ster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4412-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Scali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Diagnostic and Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u2018Bruno Ubertini\u2019 (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 7\/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4000-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Marco","family":"Maisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Diagnostic and Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u2018Bruno Ubertini\u2019 (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 7\/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1562-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Guadagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Diagnostic and Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u2018Bruno Ubertini\u2019 (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 7\/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Chester CH1 2NH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Ianieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug, Parma University, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4693-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Loris","family":"Alborali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Diagnostic and Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u2018Bruno Ubertini\u2019 (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 7\/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-D\u00edez, J., Saraiva, S., Moura, D., Grispoldi, L., Cenci-Goga, B.T., and Saraiva, C. 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