{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T16:05:49Z","timestamp":1778515549436,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) can lead to congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, particularly in patients with large shunts. However, no surgical treatment for feline VSD has been reported. Here, we elucidated the first surgical correction of an infundibular muscular VSD in a one-year-old Ragdoll cat, atypically located and classified under the Soto classification rather than the standard Kirklin classification, through cardiac arrest using cardiopulmonary bypass\u2014a method rarely used in feline cardiac surgery. Detailed echocardiography revealed that the defect required intervention owing to left heart and main pulmonary artery enlargement. Despite the VSD being located on the contralateral side, as anticipated in the preoperative examinations, the choice of median sternotomy allowed for the successful closure of the defect. Conversely, the insertion of two cannulas into the ascending aorta resulted in damage to the adjacent thoracic duct, causing transient chylothorax, which was resolved with conservative treatment. Cardiac arrest induced by a cardioplegic solution facilitated the surgical procedure, although it leads to anemia in cats. However, on postoperative day 490, the patient exhibited only minor residual shunting, with normalized heart size, and remained healthy. This technique appears to be a viable treatment option for congenital heart disease in cats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14121736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T08:49:03Z","timestamp":1718009343000},"page":"1736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Surgical Correction of Infundibular Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect in a Cat: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9278-293X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuma","family":"Aoki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Azabu University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Sagamihara City 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Terakado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5389-555X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Jingya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Azabu University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Sagamihara City 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Shimoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gunma Children\u2019s Medical Center, Shibukawa City 377-8577, Gunma, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Fukamachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gunma Children\u2019s Medical Center, Shibukawa City 377-8577, Gunma, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kodama Kyodo Hospital, Setagaya Ward, Tokyo 156-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.06.001","article-title":"Prevalence of congenital heart disease in 76,301 mixed-breed dogs and 57,025 mixed-breed cats","volume":"17","author":"Schrope","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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