{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:32:36Z","timestamp":1793064756158,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bioproton Pty Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotics provided from hatch have a major influence on microbiota development, and together with environmental and bedding microbiota, shape the microbial community of the litter. We investigated the influence of probiotic supplementation and a leaky gut challenge induced using dexamethasone (DEX) on the litter microbial community and litter parameters. The probiotic product was a mix of three Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains. The litter microbiota were compared to the microbial communities from other gut sections. The litter samples had higher microbial diversity compared to the caecum, gizzard, jejunum, and jejunal mucosa. The high similarity between the litter phylum-level microbiota and gizzard microbiota detected in our study could be a consequence of ingested feed and litter passing through the gizzard. Moreover, the litter microbial community is fundamentally distinct from the intestinal microbiota, as evidenced by the number of genera present in the litter but absent from all the intestinal sections and vice versa. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis identified distinct microbial taxa across different groups, with specific genera associated with different treatments. In terms of litter quality, the birds in the DEX groups had a significantly higher moisture content, indicating successful leaky gut challenge, while probiotic supplementation did not significantly affect the moisture levels. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the distinct microbiota characteristics of litter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14121758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T11:58:58Z","timestamp":1718107138000},"page":"1758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Association between Broiler Litter Microbiota and the Supplementation of Bacillus Probiotics in a Leaky Gut Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2565-7928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darwin","family":"Horyanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"},{"name":"Bioproton Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4110, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3043-071X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadav S.","family":"Bajagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhani","family":"von Hellens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproton Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4110, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproton Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4110, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1559-568X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Thu Hao","family":"Thi Thu Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6108-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark W.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragana","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.26945","article-title":"Intestinal microbiome of poultry and its interaction with host and diet","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rychlik, I. 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