{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:55:35Z","timestamp":1782816935183,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1 and Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES) Brazil"},{"name":"PROPESP\/UFPA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evaluation of the reactivity and distress of cattle during corral management, by means of subjective scores, aims at the standardization of behavioral indicators, through non-invasive methods, in addition to enabling the development of more appropriate management practices, thus promoting the comfort and well-being of these animals. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to characterize the temperament and distress of cattle managed in a corral using behavioral indicators during the rainiest period. For this, the experiment was conducted on a property located in the municipality of Moju\u00ed dos Campos, during the rainiest quarter (February\u2013April). Thus, 30 male cattle, not castrated, approximately 29 months of age, clinically healthy, and weighing 310 + 20 kg, were divided into three rearing systems: silvopastoral (SP), traditional (SS), and integrated (SI) systems. There were 10 animals per system. Physiological parameters were collected to evaluate rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR), as well as body surface temperature (BST), through thermal windows (head and flank infrared temperature and rump infrared temperature). To evaluate temperament and reactivity, scores indicative of corral behavior were used, namely escape speed (ES), tension score (SS_1), tension score (SS_2), reactivity scale (RS), movement score (MS), and temperament scale (TS). The results showed that there was a thermal amplitude of 5.9 \u00b0C on average and 8.6 \u00b0C at maximum when comparing the structure of the corral and the trees. In addition, the comparisons between the production systems for the behavioral variables did not differ at the 5% significance level, except for ES, where the traditional system differed from the integrated system and the silvopastoral system, showing intermediate average values for both. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the variables RT and RR (r = 0.72; p &lt; 0.01), RR and SS_2 (r = 0.38; p = 0.04), flank infrared temperature and MS (r = 0.47; p = 0.01), rump infrared temperature and RS (r = 0.37; p = 0.04), SS_1 and RS (r = 0.41; p = 0.02), SS_1 and SS_2 (r = 0.39; p = 0.03), RS and SS_2 (r = 0.58; p = 0.00), RS and MS (r = 0.50; p = 0.01), RS and TS (r = 0.61; p = 0.00), SS_2 and MS (r = 0.51; p = 0.00), SS_2 and TS (r = 0.47; p = 0.01), and MS and TS (r = 0.44; p = 0.02), and a negative correlation between ES and TS (r = \u22120.42; p = 0.02). The rainy season had a major influence on the evaluation of temperature and distress levels during handling in the corral, as evidenced by the association between physiological and behavioral parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14121769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T06:47:30Z","timestamp":1718174850000},"page":"1769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of the Temperament and Reactivity of Nelore Cattle (Bos indicus) Associated with Behavior Scores during Corral Management in the Humid Tropics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9287-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Welligton Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6400-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamile Andr\u00e9a Rodrigues","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amaz\u00f4nia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3893-3781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucieta Guerreiro","family":"Martorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Santarem 68010-180, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2964-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9der Bruno Rebelo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0515-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiane Silva","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6784-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kedson Alessandri Lobo","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1 (UFOPA), Santarem 68040-255, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimundo Nonato Colares","family":"Camargo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9378-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Vieira","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1 (UFOPA), Santarem 68040-255, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Gustavo Paix\u00e3o","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy Department, Lutheran Universities of Brazil (CEULS\/ULBRA), Santarem 68025-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0322-1863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Joaquim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7874-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomaz Cyro Guimar\u00e3es","family":"de Carvalho Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 de Brito","family":"Louren\u00e7o-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2024.108132","article-title":"What if Brazilians reduce their beef consumption?","volume":"219","author":"Parzianello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. 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