{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:47:53Z","timestamp":1790858873087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["2021\/43\/B\/NZ9\/00204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/43\/B\/NZ9\/00204"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to analyze the ultrastructure of the testes of sexually immature calves and reproductive bulls of the Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White breed. Utilizing TEM, this study identified three distinct stages of seminiferous tubule development in calves, characterized by varying shapes, distributions, and arrangements of individual cells. In immature animals, early developing spermatocytes, prespermatogonia, and pre-Sertoli cells were observed within the seminiferous tubules. In sexually mature bulls, all cells of the spermatogenic series were observed, situated on a thin, multilayered basal lamina, which forms characteristic undulations. An abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum was observed in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia in both groups of animals, forming characteristic membranous swirls. In adult bulls, spermatogonia maintain contact with each other through numerous cytoplasmic bridges and cell connections, forming small spaces with visible microvilli between them. The ultrastructural analysis facilitated the identification of morphological changes occurring during the maturation of pre-Sertoli cells, transitioning from a large euchromatic nucleus to a nucleus in which the formation of characteristic vesicles and tubules could be observed. It should also be emphasized that two types of Sertoli cells, namely dark and light electron-dense cells, can be found in cattle. These cells differ from each other, indicating that they may perform different functions. The widespread recognition of the presence of two types of Sertoli cells in cattle will undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding of the processes occurring within the testes and provide a basis for further research in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14121777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T06:23:11Z","timestamp":1718259791000},"page":"1777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultrastructure of the Bovine Testis in Cattle (Bos taurus): New View"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7201-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Micha\u0142ek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0861-0738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Grabowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, \u017bo\u0142nierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8953-3679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Oberska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9121-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"G\u0105czarzewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction, Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Syczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic and Animal Husbandry, Tomasza 40, 72-006 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Septimiu Cassian","family":"Tripon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0360-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucian","family":"Barbu-Tudoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5449-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Suciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13374","article-title":"Aquaporins in the Male Reproductive System: A Chance for Paternity or a Road to Nowhere?","volume":"11","author":"Oberska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"309","article-title":"In Search of New Potential Markers for Male Fertility and Semen Quality Control. 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