{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:04:43Z","timestamp":1779966283734,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to observe electric cardiac activity in real working conditions, with the application of Holter and the electrocardiogram in search and rescue dogs. Thirty-one handlers of search and rescue dogs voluntarily participated in this study. Nine dogs were selected to wear the Holter, and twenty-three were submitted to electrocardiographic recordings (one dog, excluded by Holter examination, was then included in the ECG group). Our results showed few cardiac rhythm alterations, such as escape beats, premature ventricular beat, and depression and elevation of the ST segment, particularly during the working phase in the Holter group and during recovery time immediately after activity in the electrocardiographic group. Detected alterations in real working conditions may provide more information than routine checks, and Holter monitoring can be more functional. However, not all dogs tolerate wearing the Holter harness, and more time is thus needed to apply the equipment. In addition, the results are not immediate, and the absence of water is essential because it would damage the equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14121818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T04:21:28Z","timestamp":1718770888000},"page":"1818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Observational Study on Cardiac Activity in Rescue Dogs with Holter and Electrocardiogram Methodologies during a Simulated Search Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mirella","family":"Lopedote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatorio Veterinario \u00abFisio & Sport\u00bb, 38098 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annarita","family":"Amodio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio Vet Puglia, 70044 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatorio Veterinario \u00abFisio & Sport\u00bb, 38098 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Sciutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatorio Veterinario \u00abFisio & Sport\u00bb, 38098 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatorio Veterinario \u00abFisio & Sport\u00bb, 38098 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Spinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.17221\/1860-VETMED","article-title":"Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs","volume":"53","author":"Rovira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spinella, G., Valentini, S., Musella, V., Bortolotti, E., and Lopedote, M. (2021). Clinical evaluation of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase for monitoring muscle effort in working dogs in different simulated fieldworks. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11071879"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopedote, M., Valentini, S., Musella, V., Vilar, J.M., and Spinella, G. (2020). Changes in pulse rate, respiratory rate and rectal tempera-ture in working dogs before and after three different field trials. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10040733"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.05.006","article-title":"A simulated avalanche search and rescue mission induces temporary physiological and behavioural changes in military dogs","volume":"163","author":"Diverio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Restan, A.Z., Camacho, A.A., Cerqueira, J.A., Zacch\u00e9, E., Kirnew, M.D., Loureiro, B.A., Silva, S.B., Moranza, H.G., and Ferraz, G.C. (2020). Effect of a lactate-guided conditioning program on heart rate variability obtained using 24-Holter electrocardiography in Beagle dogs. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233264"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641871","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.641871","article-title":"Heart rate changes before, during, and after treadmill walking exercise in normal dogs","volume":"8","author":"Shull","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12978","article-title":"Development of a perceived exertion scale for dogs using selected physiologic parameters","volume":"60","author":"Swanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. 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[2nd ed.]."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/12\/1818\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T10:15:50Z","timestamp":1779963350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/12\/1818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ani14121818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani14121818","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]}}}