{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:51:49Z","timestamp":1790085109135,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present study was to investigate eye temperature modifications after road transport in athletic horses habituated to travel. Eight adult Italian saddle horses traveled 100 km and, two weeks later, 300 km. Eye temperature (ET), rectal temperature (RT) and serum cortisol concentration were assessed before (T1), after (T2) and 60 min (T3) after the road transport. ET was evaluated with infrared thermography (IRT) in three regions of interest: EL1 (medial canthus), EL2 (central cornea) and EL3 (lateral canthus). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures showed statistically higher values at T2 and T3 for EL1 (p &lt; 0.01), EL2 (p &lt; 0.01) and EL3 (p &lt; 0.01) following the 100 km journey. RT (p &lt; 0.01) showed higher values at T2 and T3 after the 100 km journey and higher values at T2 (p &lt; 0.01) following the 300 km journey. ET values were positively correlated with RT at T1, T2 and T3 following the 100 km journey and at T2 following the 300 km journey and positively correlated with serum cortisol concentration at T1, T2 and T3 following the 100 km journey and at T2 and T3 following the 300 km journey. Eye temperature monitoring with IRT allows quick and practical strategies to monitor an animal\u2019s physiological state and welfare during daily activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14131877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T05:03:07Z","timestamp":1719378187000},"page":"1877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Eye Temperature Measured with Infrared Thermography to Assess Stress Responses to Road Transport in Horses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Aragona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4343-8937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6139-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Arfuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8897-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Acri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3198-2580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4736-1087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Piccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3049-1181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Giannetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-50-6","article-title":"Circulating \u03b2-Endorphin, Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone and Cortisol Levels of Stallions before and after Short Road Transport: Stress Effect of Different Distances","volume":"50","author":"Fazio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Vet. 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