{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:29:00Z","timestamp":1792009740060,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["T32DK137523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK137523"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["U54GM138062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM138062"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["U54MD007601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007601"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["P30GM114737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM114737"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["P20GM103466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103466"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["P20GM139753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM139753"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["U54HG013243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HG013243"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["1S10OD028515-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD028515-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["1745130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1745130"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","award":["S362A210110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S362A210110"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DK137523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK137523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54GM138062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM138062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD007601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30GM114737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM114737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM139753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM139753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54HG013243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HG013243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S10OD028515-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD028515-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1745130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1745130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S362A210110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S362A210110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["T32DK137523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK137523"]}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["U54GM138062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM138062"]}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["U54MD007601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007601"]}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["P30GM114737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM114737"]}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["P20GM103466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103466"]}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["P20GM139753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM139753"]}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["U54HG013243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HG013243"]}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["1S10OD028515-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD028515-01"]}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["1745130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1745130"]}]},{"name":"American Indian Science and Engineering Society","award":["S362A210110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S362A210110"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["T32DK137523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK137523"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["U54GM138062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM138062"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["U54MD007601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007601"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["P30GM114737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM114737"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["P20GM103466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103466"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["P20GM139753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM139753"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["U54HG013243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HG013243"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["1S10OD028515-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD028515-01"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["1745130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1745130"]}]},{"name":"Advancing Agricultural Science Opportunities for Native Americans (AASONA)","award":["S362A210110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S362A210110"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["T32DK137523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK137523"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["U54GM138062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM138062"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["U54MD007601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007601"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["P30GM114737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM114737"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["P20GM103466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103466"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["P20GM139753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM139753"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["U54HG013243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HG013243"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["1S10OD028515-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD028515-01"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["1745130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1745130"]}]},{"name":"University of Hawaii, Hilinehu Educational Leadership Advancement","award":["S362A210110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S362A210110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gastrointestinal tract has a pivotal role in nutrient absorption, immune function, and overall homeostasis. The ileum segment of the small intestine plays respective roles in nutrient breakdown and absorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of heat-induced oxidative stress and the potential mitigating effects of an astaxanthin antioxidant treatment on the ileum of broilers. By comparing the growth performance and gene expression profiles among three groups\u2014thermal neutral, heat stress, and heat stress with astaxanthin\u2014thermal neutral temperature conditions of 21\u201322 \u00b0C and heat stress temperature of 32\u201335 \u00b0C, this research aims to elucidate the role of astaxanthin in supporting homeostasis and cellular protection in the ileum. Results showed both treatments under heat stress experienced reduced growth performance, while the group treated with astaxanthin showed a slightly lesser decline. Results further showed the astaxanthin treatment group significantly upregulated in the cytoprotective gene expression for HSF2,\u00a0SOD2, GPX3, and TXN, as well as the upregulation of epithelial integrity genes LOX, CLDN1, and MUC2. In conclusion, our experimental findings demonstrate upregulation of cytoprotective and epithelial integrity genes, suggesting astaxanthin may effectively enhance the cellular response to heat stress to mitigate oxidative damage and contribute to cytoprotective capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14131932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T04:53:27Z","timestamp":1719809607000},"page":"1932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Use of Microalgae-Derived Astaxanthin to Improve Cytoprotective Capacity in the Ileum of Heat-Induced Oxidative Stressed Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1367-8366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna Lee","family":"Kuehu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Nasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4573-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vedbar S.","family":"Khadka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youping","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricke, S.C. (2019). Improving Gut Health in Poultry, University of Arkansas. [1st ed.]. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing.","DOI":"10.19103\/AS.2019.0059"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Bailey, R.A. (2019, October 01). \u201cGut Health in Poultry: The World within-Update|The\u2026\u201d Gut Health in Poultry: The World within-Update. Available online: https:\/\/www.thepoultrysite.com\/articles\/gut-health-in-poultry-the-world-within-1."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glendinning, L., Stewart, R.D., Pallen, M.J., Watson, K.A., and Watson, M. (2019). Assembly of Hundreds of Novel Bacterial Genomes from the Chicken Caecum. Genome Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1101\/699843"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kers, J.G., Velkers, F.C., Fischer, E.A.J., Hermes, G.D.A., Stegeman, J.A., and Smidt, H. (2018). Host and Environmental Factors Affecting the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00235"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrasco, J.M.D., Casanova, N.A., and Miyakawa, M.E.F. (2019). Microbiota, Gut Health and Chicken Productivity: What Is the Connection?. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7100374"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933916000751","article-title":"Vitagenes in Poultry Production: Part 3. Vitagene Concept Development","volume":"72","author":"Surai","year":"2016","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, G., Zhu, H., Ma, T., Yan, Z., Zhang, Y., Geng, Y., Zhu, Y., and Shi, Y. (2020). Effect of Chronic Cyclic Heat Stress on the Intestinal Morphology, Oxidative Status and Cecal Bacterial Communities in Broilers. J. Therm. Biol., 91.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102619"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2019-0993","article-title":"Evaluation of comparative effect of feed additive of allium sativum and zingeber officinale on bird growth and histomorphometric characteristics of small intestine in broilers","volume":"21","author":"Javid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00244","article-title":"Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens","volume":"88","author":"Awad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22750","article-title":"Galectin-3 Aggravates Ox-LDL-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction through LOX-1 Mediated Signaling Pathway","volume":"34","author":"Ou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laczko, R., and Csiszar, K. (2020). Lysyl Oxidase (LOX): Functional Contributions to Signaling Pathways. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10081093"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2019.1648750","article-title":"Effects of feed additive blend on broilers challenged with heat stress","volume":"48","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apalowo, O.O., Minor, R.C., Adetunji, O.A., Ekunseitan, D.A., and Fasina, Y.O. (2024). Effect of Ginger Root Extract on Intestinal Oxidative Status and Mucosal Morphometrics in Broiler Chickens. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14071084"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akagi, R. (2022). Role of Heme Oxygenase in Gastrointestinal. Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071323"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2018.07.012","article-title":"Physiological Alterations of Poultry to the High Environmental Temperature","volume":"76","author":"Farag","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/ani3020356","article-title":"Impact of Heat Stress on Poultry Production","volume":"3","author":"Lara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-110659","article-title":"Thermal biology of domestic animals","volume":"3","author":"Collier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1997.sp004024","article-title":"Oxidative stress: Oxidants and antioxidants","volume":"82","author":"Sies","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12379","article-title":"Heat stress effects on livestock: Molecular, cellular and metabolic aspects, a review","volume":"100","author":"Slimen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cano-Europa, E., Blas-Valdivia, V., Franco-Colin, M., and Ortiz-Butron, R. (2015). Regulation of the Redox Environment, Intech. Available online: https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/basic-principles-and-clinical-significance-of-oxidative-stress\/regulation-of-the-redox-environment.","DOI":"10.5772\/61515"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.04.003","article-title":"Priming of intestinal cytoprotective genes and antioxidant capacity by dietary phytogenic inclusion in broilers","volume":"6","author":"Montzouris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paraskeuas, V., Griela, E., Bouziotis, D., Fegeros, K., Antonissen, G., and Mountzouris, K.C. (2021). Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisins on Broiler Gut Cytoprotective Capacity. Toxins, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13100729"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey415","article-title":"The development of antioxidant system in the intestinal tract of broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.21767\/2572-5459.100008","article-title":"Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase","volume":"1","author":"Surai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Res. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933916000714","article-title":"Vitagenes in Poultry Production: Part 1. Technological and Environmental Stresses","volume":"72","author":"Surai","year":"2016","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Morimoto, R.I., Tissieres, A., and Georgopoulos, C. (1994). The Biology of Heat Shock Proteins and Molecular Chaperones, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1096\/fj00-0294rev","article-title":"Roles of the Heat Shock Transcription Factors in Regulation of the Heat Shock Response and Beyond","volume":"15","author":"Pirkkala","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vabulas, R.M., Raychaudhuri, S., Hayer-Hartl, M., and Hartl, F.U. (2010). Protein folding in the cytoplasm and the heat shock response. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol., 2.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a004390"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S., and Pfander, H. (1995). Carotenoids. Isolation and Analysis, Birkh\u00e4user Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-9323-7"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Shahidi, F., and Barrow, C.J. (2008). Marine Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2024, April 02). Astaxanthin. (n.d.), Available online: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Astaxanthin."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.4.1344S","article-title":"Factors Influencing the Measurement of Bioavailability, Taking Calcium as a Model","volume":"131","author":"Heaney","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mularczyk, M., Michalak, I., and Marycz, K. (2020). Astaxanthin and other Nutrients from Haematococcus pluvialis-Multifunctional Applications. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18090459"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6859523","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6859523","article-title":"Mitochondrion-Permeable Antioxidants to Treat ROS-Burst-Mediated Acute Diseases","volume":"2016","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394Ct method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2024, April 04). Ensembl.org. Available online: https:\/\/uswest.ensembl.org\/Gallus_gallus\/Info\/Index."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660120073151","article-title":"Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. 1. Intestinal weight and mucosal development","volume":"42","author":"Iji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2024, April 04). R Core Team. Available online: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbarian, A., Michiels, J., Degroote, J., Majdeddin, M., Golian, A., and De Smet, S. (2016). Association between Heat Stress and Oxidative Stress in Poultry; Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Dietary Interventions with Phytochemicals. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0097-5"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.022","article-title":"Dietary supplemental microalgal astaxanthin modulates molecular profiles of stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broilers chickens and laying hens under high ambient temperatures","volume":"99","author":"Tolba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kouvedaki, I., Pappas, A.C., Surai, P.F., and Zoidis, E. (2024). Nutrigenomics of Natural Antioxidants in Broilers. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030270"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01584.x","article-title":"Effects of Astaxanthin-containing Oil on Development and Stress-related Gene Expression of Bovine Embryos Exposed to Heat Stress","volume":"45","author":"Namekawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Dom. Anim."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103420","article-title":"Effects of puerarin as a feed additive on the laying performance, egg quality, endocrine hormones, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of aged laying hens","volume":"103","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31988","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA04943F","article-title":"Tannic acid modulates intestinal barrier functions associated with intestinal mophology, antioxidant activity, and intestinal tight junction in a diquat-induced mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Dao, Q. (1999). A Technical Review of Haematococcus Algae History, Distribution and Classification of Haematococcus pluvialis. Cyanotech Corporation. NatuRose Technical Bulletin #060."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/13\/1932\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:07:51Z","timestamp":1760108871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/13\/1932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ani14131932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani14131932","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]}}}