{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:29:22Z","timestamp":1790832562989,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Agricultural and Livestock Forestry Research","award":["13202534765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13202534765"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accurate estimation of basal endogenous losses (BEL) of amino acids at the ileum is indispensable to improve nutrient utilization efficiency. This study used a quantitative proteomic approach to identify variations in BEL in the ileal digesta of growing pigs fed a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) or a casein diet (CAS). Eight barrow pigs (39.8 \u00b1 6.3 kg initial body weight (BW)) were randomly assigned to a 2 \u00d7 2 crossover design. A total of 348 proteins were identified and quantified in both treatments, of which 101 showed a significant differential abundance between the treatments (p &lt; 0.05). Functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the endogenous proteins were associated with intestinal metabolic function. Furthermore, differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in the digesta of pigs fed the NFD enriched terms and pathways that suggest intestinal inflammation, the activation of innate antimicrobial host defense, an increase in cellular autophagy and epithelial turnover, and reduced synthesis of pancreatic and intestinal secretions. These findings suggest that casein diets may provide a more accurate estimation of BEL because they promote normal gastrointestinal secretions. Overall, proteomic and bioinformatic analyses provided valuable insights into the composition of endogenous proteins in the ileal digesta and their relationship with the functions, processes, and pathways modified by diet composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14132000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T04:52:49Z","timestamp":1720414369000},"page":"2000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Proteomic Identification and Quantification of Basal Endogenous Proteins in the Ileal Digesta of Growing Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Iris Elisa","family":"\u00c1vila-Arres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias de la Producci\u00f3n y de la Salud Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9551-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elba","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Fisiolog\u00eda y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Km 1 Carretera a Col\u00f3n, Quer\u00e9taro 76280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0905-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"G\u00f3mez Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Fisiolog\u00eda y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Km 1 Carretera a Col\u00f3n, Quer\u00e9taro 76280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9025-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e9rcia Ces\u00e1ria","family":"Reis de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Av. de las Ciencias s\/n, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6684-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Mariscal-Land\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Fisiolog\u00eda y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Km 1 Carretera a Col\u00f3n, Quer\u00e9taro 76280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2016.12.013","article-title":"Use of Digestible Rather than Total Amino Acid in Diet Formulation Increases Nitrogen Retention and Reduces Nitrogen Excretion from Pigs","volume":"197","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Livest. 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