{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:34:17Z","timestamp":1791228857688,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2021GXNSFAA196021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GXNSFAA196021"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2024GXNSFAA010044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXNSFAA010044"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["AA22068099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA22068099"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["nycytxgxcxtd-2021-21-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["nycytxgxcxtd-2021-21-01"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2021GXNSFAA196021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GXNSFAA196021"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2024GXNSFAA010044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXNSFAA010044"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project","award":["AA22068099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA22068099"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project","award":["nycytxgxcxtd-2021-21-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["nycytxgxcxtd-2021-21-01"]}]},{"name":"CARSGIT","award":["2021GXNSFAA196021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GXNSFAA196021"]}]},{"name":"CARSGIT","award":["2024GXNSFAA010044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXNSFAA010044"]}]},{"name":"CARSGIT","award":["AA22068099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA22068099"]}]},{"name":"CARSGIT","award":["nycytxgxcxtd-2021-21-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["nycytxgxcxtd-2021-21-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atresia is a process in ovarian follicles that is regulated by hormone-induced apoptosis. During atresia, granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis is a key mechanism orchestrated through diverse signaling pathways. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) signaling within ovarian GCs has been demonstrated to play a key role in the regulation of follicular atresia in cattle, pigs, and sheep. The present work aimed to investigate the potential local regulatory role of CART in GC apoptosis-induced follicular atresia in buffalo, focusing on the modulation of the AKT\/GSK3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathways, which are the intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell viability. Our findings revealed increased expression of CARTPT and BAX and decreased levels of AKT, \u03b2-catenin, and CYP19A1 genes in atretic follicles compared to healthy follicles. Subsequently, CART treatment in the presence of FSH inhibited the FSH-induced increase in GC viability by reducing estradiol production and increasing apoptosis. This change was accompanied by an increase in the gene expression levels of both CARTPT and BAX. At the protein level, treatment with CART in the presence of FSH negatively affected the activity of AKT, \u03b2-catenin, and LEF1, while the activity of GSK3\u03b2 was enhanced. In conclusion, our study shows how CART negatively influences buffalo GC viability, underlying the modulation of the AKT\/GSK3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway and promoting apoptosis\u2014a key factor in follicular atresia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14152138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T11:40:36Z","timestamp":1721734836000},"page":"2138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Follicular Atresia in Buffalo: Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) and the Underlying Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3999-5098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa S.","family":"Faheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqin","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghua","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9278-5_1","article-title":"Maturation, morphology, and endocrine function of the ovarian follicle","volume":"147","author":"Bjersing","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv. 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