{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:58:07Z","timestamp":1768442287093,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["SML2023SP215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP215"]}]},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["SML2023SP218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP218"]}]},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["SML2023SP238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP238"]}]},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["SML2021SP204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP204"]}]},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"]}]},{"name":"Deep Life and Ecology Team, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["SML2023SP215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP215"]}]},{"name":"Deep Life and Ecology Team, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["SML2023SP218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP218"]}]},{"name":"Deep Life and Ecology Team, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["SML2023SP238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP238"]}]},{"name":"Deep Life and Ecology Team, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["SML2021SP204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP204"]}]},{"name":"Deep Life and Ecology Team, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","award":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"]}]},{"name":"Chinese National Scientific Seafloor Observation System","award":["SML2023SP215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP215"]}]},{"name":"Chinese National Scientific Seafloor Observation System","award":["SML2023SP218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP218"]}]},{"name":"Chinese National Scientific Seafloor Observation System","award":["SML2023SP238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP238"]}]},{"name":"Chinese National Scientific Seafloor Observation System","award":["SML2021SP204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP204"]}]},{"name":"Chinese National Scientific Seafloor Observation System","award":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Acoustics","award":["SML2023SP215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP215"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Acoustics","award":["SML2023SP218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP218"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Acoustics","award":["SML2023SP238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP238"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Acoustics","award":["SML2021SP204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP204"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Acoustics","award":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"]}]},{"name":"CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["SML2023SP215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP215"]}]},{"name":"CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["SML2023SP218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP218"]}]},{"name":"CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["SML2023SP238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2023SP238"]}]},{"name":"CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["SML2021SP204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML2021SP204"]}]},{"name":"CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-000030-73-01-002437"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We conducted an experiment of planting a dead cow and a metal-framed cage with cameras on the 1629 m deep sea floor off the southeast coast of Hainan Island in the northwestern South China Sea, using ROV diving and setting up a video camera on the cage to observe animals who came to eat the bait. The deep-sea cameras captured footage of eight Pacific sleeper sharks (Somniosus pacificus) swimming and feeding around the dead cow. To our knowledge, this is the first time the occurrence of such a shark species has been reported in the South China Sea. Eight individuals were differentiated based on the characteristic differences displayed in the images, with lengths of 1.9 to 5.1 m estimated. The video camera also recorded the predators\u2019 behavior of tearing at the dead cow on the seabed. It was discovered that Pacific sleeper sharks are not strictly solitary and exhibit queue-feeding behavior. This study is significant as it documents a record of a data-scarce shark species, for which little information is available in the literature. It also documents an expansion of the species\u2019 known habitat from the north Pacific Ocean into the South China Sea. Such sharks diving into the deep sea to predate on dead animals also suggests that occurrences of large chunks of dead organic bodies falling onto the deep sea might have been more frequent than we previously thought in the South China Sea. The findings have implications for understanding the geographic connectivity of large swimming animals between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean and provide scientific evidence for formulating conservation and management strategies for sharks and other large animals in the oceans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14152162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T06:11:36Z","timestamp":1721887896000},"page":"2162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Southwestward Expansion of the Pacific Sleeper Shark\u2019s (Somniosus pacificus) Known Distribution into the South China Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junsheng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yane","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Open-Sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4683-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Open-Sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haozhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sujing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kedong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/341027a0","article-title":"Vent fauna on whale 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