{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:02:56Z","timestamp":1782831776835,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU H2020 GAIN Project","award":["773330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["773330"]}]},{"name":"EU H2020 GAIN Project","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"EU H2020 GAIN Project","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese national funds","award":["773330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["773330"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese national funds","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese national funds","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growth of the aquaculture industry requires more sustainable and circular economy-driven aquafeed formulas. Thus, the goal of the present study was to assess in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) how different combinations of novel and conventional fish feed ingredients supported proper animal performance in terms of growth and physiological biomarkers of blood\/liver\/head kidney. A 77-day feeding trial was conducted with three experimental diets (PAP, with terrestrial processed animal protein from animal by-products; NOPAP, without processed animal protein from terrestrial animal by-products; MIX, a combination of alternative ingredients of PAP and NOPAP diets) and a commercial-type formulation (CTRL), and their effects on growth performance and markers of endocrine growth regulation, lipid metabolism, antioxidant defense and inflammatory condition were assessed at circulatory and tissue level (liver, head kidney). Growth performance was similar among all dietary treatments. However, fish fed the PAP diet displayed a lower feed conversion and protein efficiency, with intermediate values in MIX-fed fish. Such gradual variation in growth performance was supported by different biomarker signatures that delineated a lower risk of oxidation and inflammatory condition in NOPAP fish, in concurrence with an enhanced hepatic lipogenesis that did not represent a risk of lipoid liver degeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14152166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T11:43:44Z","timestamp":1721907824000},"page":"2166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sustainable Fish Meal-Free Diets for Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata): Integrated Biomarker Response to Assess the Effects on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense and Immunological Status"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sparos Lda, 8700-221 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bod\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3124-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep \u00c0lvar","family":"Calduch-Giner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1837-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella V.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sparos Lda, 8700-221 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5443-7182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Teresa","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sparos Lda, 8700-221 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"GreenCoLab\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Oceano Verde, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2796-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sparos Lda, 8700-221 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1818-5691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 \u00c5s, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9434-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e9","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sparos Lda, 8700-221 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-109X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Naya-Catal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4949-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Piazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariadna","family":"Sitj\u00e0-Bobadilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3758-0849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Costas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Biomedicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds E. 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