{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:10:40Z","timestamp":1787994640074,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"\u201cPrecision feeding for a sustainable rabbit production\u201d SMART-RAB project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AICO\/2021\/256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO\/2021\/256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"\u201cPrecision feeding for a sustainable rabbit production\u201d SMART-RAB project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AICO\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"\u201cPrecision feeding for a sustainable rabbit production\u201d SMART-RAB project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-143036OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-143036OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Subvenci\u00f3n Grupos de Investigaci\u00f3n Consolidados, Generalitat Valenciana","award":["AICO\/2021\/256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO\/2021\/256"]}]},{"name":"Subvenci\u00f3n Grupos de Investigaci\u00f3n Consolidados, Generalitat Valenciana","award":["AICO\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Subvenci\u00f3n Grupos de Investigaci\u00f3n Consolidados, Generalitat Valenciana","award":["PID2022-143036OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-143036OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"\u201cTailor-made feeding strategies and precision livestock farming technology for cage-free rabbit farming\u201d FREE-RAB project","award":["AICO\/2021\/256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO\/2021\/256"]}]},{"name":"\u201cTailor-made feeding strategies and precision livestock farming technology for cage-free rabbit farming\u201d FREE-RAB project","award":["AICO\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO\/2021"]}]},{"name":"\u201cTailor-made feeding strategies and precision livestock farming technology for cage-free rabbit farming\u201d FREE-RAB project","award":["PID2022-143036OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-143036OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Programa Investigo (Plan de Recuperaci\u00f3n, Transformaci\u00f3n y Resiliencia\u2014funded by UE-NextGenerationEU)","award":["AICO\/2021\/256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO\/2021\/256"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Programa Investigo (Plan de Recuperaci\u00f3n, Transformaci\u00f3n y Resiliencia\u2014funded by UE-NextGenerationEU)","award":["AICO\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Programa Investigo (Plan de Recuperaci\u00f3n, Transformaci\u00f3n y Resiliencia\u2014funded by UE-NextGenerationEU)","award":["PID2022-143036OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-143036OB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Organic acids (OAs) are employed in animal feed to regulate gastrointestinal disorders and diarrhoea thanks to their ability to modulate the gastrointestinal environment and their antimicrobial capacity. However, there is not enough evidence regarding the most adequate OA and its effectiveness in rabbit farming. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen and evaluate the response of young rabbits to six OAs, administered via drinking water, at three different concentrations (pH levels). Organic acids (acetic, ACET; formic, FOR; propionic, PROP; lactic, LAC; citric, CIT; and butyric, BUT) were tested at three concentrations (pH 3, 4, and 5). A negative control (CON; non-acidified water) was also included. We used 240 weaned rabbits (28 days old) divided into 2 batches. In each batch, animals were randomly allocated to 1 of the 19 experimental treatments and were housed in group cages of 6 animals per cage, treatment, and batch. Among the 240 rabbits, an additional cage with 6 animals was included to determine the initial physiological state of the animals. All animals were fed with commercial pelleted feed throughout the whole experiment. The duration of the study was 7 days, until 35 days of age. At 31 and 35 days of age, in each batch, three animals per day and treatment were slaughtered. The pH of the digestive contents in the fundus, antrum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum, as well as the gastric pepsin enzyme activity, was measured. Water and feed consumption per cage and individual body weight (BW) were recorded daily. The type and dosage of OAs affected water intake. ACET 3, PROP 3, and BUT 3 reduced water intake compared to CON, negatively impacting feed intake and weight gain. FOR and CIT acids led to the highest BW and weight gain at 35 days, compared to PROP, LAC, and BUT (p &lt; 0.05); showing ACET intermediate values. While OAs had limited effects on gastric and small intestine pH, acidified water at pH 4 and 5 lowered ileum and caecum pH (p &lt; 0.05) compared to pH 3. Acidified water at pH 4 showed the highest (p &lt; 0.05) pepsin activity compared to pH 3 and pH 5. Considering the limited sample size and short-term assessment period of our screening test, the OAs with the highest potential for use in post-weaning rabbits were FOR, ACET, and CIT at pH 4. The selected combinations did not exhibit any early adverse effects in young rabbits. These results should be further confirmed in a broader population of animals. It would also be advisable to extend the application of OAs over longer periods to evaluate their effects throughout the entire growing period of rabbits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14152177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T09:22:42Z","timestamp":1721985762000},"page":"2177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Screening of Organic Acid Type and Dosage in Drinking Water for Young Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Ram\u00f3n-Moragues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara Mar\u00eda","family":"Vaggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERP Unit of Nutritional Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Franch-Das\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-1032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Peixoto-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"R\u00f3denas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria del Carmen","family":"L\u00f3pez-Luj\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9593-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Jes\u00fas","family":"Mar\u00edn-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Blas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7224-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Cambra-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005021","article-title":"Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy: Experimental transmission and clinical characterization","volume":"36","author":"Licois","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.07.011","article-title":"Detection of mucoid enteropathy syndrome disease in rabbit farms in East China","volume":"119","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.07.011","article-title":"Infectious agents associated with epizootic rabbit enteropathy: Isolation and attempts to reproduce the s\u00edndrome","volume":"172","author":"Marlier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"185","article-title":"Inoculation and bacterial analyses of fractions obtained from the reference inoculum TEC4 which experimentally reproduces the epizootic rabbit enteropathy","volume":"17","author":"Huybens","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2011.01148.x","article-title":"Postnatal development of the rabbit caecal microbiota composition and activity","volume":"77","author":"Combes","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wegener, H.C. (2006). Use of antimicrobial growth promoters in food animals: The risks outweigh the benefits. Antimicrobial Growth Promoters. Where Do We Go from Here?, Wageningen Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.3920\/9789086865703_003"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Fukuda, R.K. (2012). Antimicrobial Resistance Global Report on Surveillance, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2024, May 15). Regulation (EU) 2019\/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on Veterinary Medicinal Products and Repealing Directive 2001\/82\/EC, Official Journal of the European Union; 2019. b. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32019R0006&from=EN."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1079\/095442299108728884","article-title":"Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets","volume":"12","author":"Partanen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:2005012","article-title":"Alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pigs: Evaluation of probiotics, zinc or organic acids as protective agents for the intestinal mucosa. A comparison of in vitro and in vivo results","volume":"54","author":"Roselli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800052942","article-title":"Feeding strategy for young rabbits around weaning: A review of digestive capacity and nutritional needs","volume":"75","author":"Gidenne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Tung, C.M., and Pettigrew, J.E. (2006). Critical review of acidifiers. Anim. Sci., 5\u201352. Available online: https:\/\/porkcdn.s3.amazonaws.com\/sites\/all\/files\/documents\/AnimalScience\/ReviewOfAcidifiers.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0195941700063748","article-title":"Alteration of normal gastric flora in critical care patients receiving antacid and cimetidine therapy","volume":"7","author":"Donowitz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"91","article-title":"Experimentally induced epizootic rabbit enteropathy: Clinical, histopathologicaI, ultrastructural, bacteriological and haematological findings","volume":"15","author":"Meulemans","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:2003032","article-title":"Effect of protein source on digestion and growth performance of early-weaned rabbits","volume":"52","author":"Espinosa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-777","article-title":"Neutral detergent-soluble dietary fiber improves gut barrier function in 25-day-old weaned rabbits","volume":"85","author":"Chamorro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"15","article-title":"New trends in rabbit feeding: Influence of nutrition on intestinal health","volume":"1","author":"Navarro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"127","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in rabbit feeding: A review","volume":"15","author":"Maertens","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barug, D., de Jong, J., Kies, A.K., and Verstegen, M.W.A. (2006). Acidification of diets as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Antimicrobial Growth Promoters, Wageningen Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-570-3"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"281","article-title":"The effect of organic acids on the control of post-weaning oedema disease of piglets","volume":"70","author":"Tsiloyiannis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Res. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.04.006","article-title":"Effect of administration of organic acids in drinking water on fecal shedding of E. coli, performance parameters and health in nursery pigs","volume":"188","author":"Busser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2015.1079527","article-title":"Recent advances in the role of organic acids in poultry nutrition","volume":"44","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00119","article-title":"Effect of citric acid, avilamycin, and their combination on the performance, tibia ash and immune status of broilers","volume":"88","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0217","article-title":"Constitution and evaluation of a long-lived productive rabbit line","volume":"86","author":"Theilgaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Blas, C., and Wiseman, J. (2020). Feed Formulation. Nutrition of the Rabbit, CABI International. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1079\/9781789241273.0000"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"657","article-title":"Efecto de la cecotrofia sobre la composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica de la digesta y sobre la digestibilidad ileal","volume":"24","author":"Merino","year":"2003","journal-title":"ITEA"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Bergmeyer, H.U. (1974). Chymotrypsin, trypsin and pepsin. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Academic."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"SAS Institute (2009). SAS\/STAT\u00ae 9.2 User\u2019s Guide, Sas Institute Inc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broom, D., and Johnson, K. (1993). Stress and Animal Welfare, Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-0980-2"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.03.010","article-title":"Feeding behaviour and caecotrophy in the young rabbit before weaning: An approach by analysing the digestive contents","volume":"102","author":"Orengo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19830030","article-title":"Trace nutrient binding proteins in milk and the growth of bacteria in the gut of infant rabbits","volume":"49","author":"Cole","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982002000900011","article-title":"Utilization of probiotic, organic acid and antibiotic in diets for growing rabbits: Essay of digestibility, evaluation of intestinal morphometry and performance","volume":"31","author":"Michelan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"945","article-title":"Influence of different levels of fumaric acid or acetic acid on the growing rabbits performance","volume":"27","author":"Scapinello","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2014.01.014","article-title":"Effects of drinking water acidification by organic acidifier on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and caecal bacteria in growing rabbits","volume":"190","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Cesari, V., Toschi, I., Pisoni, A.M., Grilli, G., and Cesari, N. (2008, January 10\u201313). Effect of dietary acidification on growth performance and caecal characteristics in rabbits. Proceedings of the Ninth World Rabbit Congress, Verona, Italy."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3329\/bjas.v51i2.60495","article-title":"Influence of dietary organic acid, probiotic and antioxidant on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing rabbit","volume":"51","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bang. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13352","article-title":"Productive performance, lipid profile and caecum microbial counts of growing rabbits treated with humic acid","volume":"104","author":"Elsebai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"181","article-title":"Herbal extracts and organic acids as natural feed additives in pig diets","volume":"43","author":"Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"673","article-title":"Impact of water restriction on the productive and behavioral performance of two fattening rabbit breeds","volume":"12","author":"Taha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global Vet."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4995\/wrs.2011.866","article-title":"Dietary effect of short-chain organic acids on growth performance, mortality and development of intestinal lymphoid tissues in young non-medicated rabbits","volume":"19","author":"Romero","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2012.03.012","article-title":"Effect of substitution of medium-chain organic acids for zinc bacitracin in a diet containing colistin on performance and development of intestinal lymphoid tissues in growing rabbits experimentally infected with Escherichia coli O103 and Clostridium perfringens toxinotype A","volume":"174","author":"Romero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6074","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01160A","article-title":"Buffering capacity of protein-based model food systems in the context of gastric digestion","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tugnoli, B., Giovagnoni, G., Piva, A., and Grilli, E. (2020). From acidifiers to intestinal health enhancers: How organic acids can improve growth efficiency of pigs. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010134"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"9","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the rabbit and rodent gastrointestinal system","volume":"10","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Assoc. Avian. Vet."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Prince, N.C., and Stevens, L. (1999). Fundamentals of Enzymology: The Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins, Oxford University Press. [3rd ed.]."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/15\/2177\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:24:13Z","timestamp":1760109853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/15\/2177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ani14152177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani14152177","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]}}}