{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:41:39Z","timestamp":1761824499010,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture","award":["2008-55203-04477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008-55203-04477"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial insemination 12 h following observed standing estrus is a standard estimate of the fertility levels of cattle. The main objective of this study was to determine if controlling ovarian development with a fertility program could alter the fertility of lactating dairy cows. Lactating dairy cows (n = 1356) 60\u201366 days in milk (DIM) were randomly assigned to receive timed AI following Presynch-11\/Ovsynch (Presynch-11) or a combination of estrus detection and timed AI using the Presynch-11\/Ovsynch program (Estrus + TAI). Cows in standing estrus, following the first two cloprostenol sodium (CLO) injections, in the Estrus + TAI group were artificially inseminated using the AM\/PM rule. Cows in this group that were not observed in standing estrus received Ovsynch and TAI beginning 11 d after the second CLO injection. Cows in the Presynch-11 group received two injections of 500 \u00b5g CLO 14 d apart but were not observed for estrus. The first GnRH (100 \u00b5g) of Ovsynch was administered 11 d following the second CLO injection. All cows in the Presynch-11-Ovsynch group received TAI following Ovsynch. Cows in this treatment were then assigned randomly to receive either CLO or dinoprost 7 d following the first GnRH of Ovsynch. The final GnRH of Ovsynch was administered 56 h later and TAI 16 h after the final GnRH. Pregnancies\/AI (P\/AI) were greater (p &lt; 0.001) for the Presynch-11 group compared with the Estrus + TAI group (45 vs. 31%). Primiparous cows had greater fertility following observed standing estrus compared with multiparous cows. Days in milk at the first AI were greater (p &lt; 0.01) in the Presynch-11 group vs. the Estrus + TAI group (98 vs. 80) but less variable (p &lt; 0.01). The range of DIM at the first AI was 95 to 101 in the Presynch-11 group and 60 to 101 in the Estrus + TAI group. Within the Presynch-11 group, there were no differences in the rate of luteolysis or P\/AI for the prostaglandin type at the final PGF2\u03b1 of Ovsynch. Multiparous cows treated with Presynch-11 had &gt;60% chance of pregnancy compared with multiparous cows receiving AI following standing estrus. In summary, lactating dairy cows receiving timed AI following the Presynch-11\/Ovsynch program had improved fertility compared with a group of cows that received AI following standing estrus or, if not observed in estrus, timed AI. This comparison indicated that controlling ovarian development with GnRH and PGF2\u03b1 positively impacted the fertility of lactating dairy cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14152235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T08:14:46Z","timestamp":1722500086000},"page":"2235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["When Implementing the Presynch-11\/Ovsynch Reproductive Management Program, the Fertility of Lactating Dairy Cows Improved When They Received Timed Artificial Insemination Compared with the Inclusion of Estrus Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6629-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaimie Marie","family":"Strickland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"},{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Nascimento","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lou","family":"Neuder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Pursley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74367-1","article-title":"Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development in Heifers and Lactating Cows in Summer and Lactating and Dry Cows in Winter","volume":"85","author":"Sartori","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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