{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T23:42:52Z","timestamp":1789342972535,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019H1D3A1A01071142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019H1D3A1A01071142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the effect of neonatal \u03b1-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) gavage feeding on broilers. The first experiment was conducted to determine the effect of AKG on day-old broilers. A total of seventy-two-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into four treatment groups: (i) Two groups of chicks with gavage feeding of 0.6 mL of distilled water (DDW) for four consecutive days (CON); (ii) chicks fed with 0.6 mL of 0.1% AKG dissolved in DDW on the day of hatch (AL) followed by 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% for three consecutive days; and (iii) chicks fed with 0.6 mL of 0.2% AKG dissolved in DDW on the day of hatch (AH) followed by 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% for three consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the first gavage feeding, six birds per treatment were slaughtered to study the organ development. Chicks fed with AKG showed higher absolute (p = 0.015) and relative (p = 0.037) weights of the gizzard. The AH group had higher absolute (p = 0.012) and relative (p = 0.035) heart weights. The second experiment was carried out to determine the effect of AKG on 15-day-old broilers under acute heat stress (AHS) for 3.5 h at 33 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C. Forty-eight birds (12 per treatment) were raised until 15 days of age, divided into four treatments with equal numbers (n = 12), and given one of the following four treatments: (i) CON group reared at standard temperature (25 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C) (CON-NT); (ii) CON group subjected to AHS (33 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C) for 3.5 h (CON-HT); (iii) AL group subjected to AHS (33 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C) for 3.5 h (AL-HT); and (iv) AH group subjected to AHS (33 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C) for 3.5 h (AH-HT). There was a significant reduction in the change in BW (\u0394BW, p = 0.005), an increase in the final rectal temperature (RTf) (p = 0.001), and a decreased final body weight (BWf) for all the treatments under AHS. Further, AHS led to an increased expression of hepatic heat shock protein (HSP)70 (p = 0.009), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase (NOX)1 (p = 0.006), and NOX4 (p = 0.001), while nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) remained significantly unaffected. Hepatic expression of HSP90 decreased in the AL-HT treatment as compared to CON-HT (p = 0.008). Plasma antioxidant status measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and antioxidant balance (AB) improved linearly (p = 0.001) as the concentration of AKG increased. Neonatal gavage feeding of AKG could potentially alleviate heat stress in broilers by enhancing plasma antioxidant levels and modulating HSP90 expression in the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14152243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T15:26:53Z","timestamp":1722526013000},"page":"2243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neonatal \u03b1-Ketoglutaric Acid Gavage May Potentially Alleviate Acute Heat Stress by Modulating Hepatic Heat Shock Protein 90 and Improving Blood Antioxidant Status of Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7335-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaishali","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3598-7872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshat","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6638-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris Major","family":"Ncho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae-Mi","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang-Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/20.2.405","article-title":"Patterns of metabolism and growth in avian embryos","volume":"20","author":"Vleck","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. 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