{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:41:55Z","timestamp":1788997315020,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation, China","award":["31872515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872515"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation, China","award":["32172901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we assessed the therapeutic effects of Macleaya cordata (Willd). R. Br.-derived protopine-type alkaloids (MPTAs) in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation. The experimental design involved the allocation of mice into distinct groups, including a control group, a model group treated with 6 mg\/kg LPS, a berberine group treated with 50 mg\/kg berberine hydrochloride and low-, medium- and high-dose MPTA groups treated with 6, 12 and 24 mg\/kg MPTAs, respectively. Histological analysis of the ileum, jejunum and duodenum was performed using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Moreover, the quantification of intestinal goblet cells (GCs) was performed based on PAS staining. The serum levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1 were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the mRNA levels of TLR4, NF-\u03baB p65, NLRP3, IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 were assessed using quantitative PCR (qPCR). The protein levels of TLR4, Md-2, MyD88, NF-\u03baB p65 and NLRP3 were determined using Western blotting. Furthermore, the 16S rDNA sequences of bacterial taxa were amplified and analysed to determine alterations in the gut microbiota of the mice following MPTA treatment. Different doses of MPTAs were found to elicit distinct therapeutic effects, leading to enhanced intestinal morphology and an increased abundance of intestinal GCs. A significant decrease was noted in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1). Additionally, the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3 and p-p65\/p65 were markedly reduced by MPTA treatment. Furthermore, 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that the administration of 24 mg\/kg MPTAs facilitated the restoration of microbial composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14152273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T07:37:30Z","timestamp":1722843450000},"page":"2273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Protopine-Type Alkaloids Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Inflammation and Modulate the Gut Microbiota in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jialu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0813-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meishan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skz373","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz373","article-title":"Dietary pterostilbene supplementation attenuates intestinal damage and immunological stress of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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