{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:13:33Z","timestamp":1760112813294,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22H05070","22H05069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H05070","22H05069"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gene expression patterns differ in different tissues, and the expression pattern of genes in the mammalian testis is known to be extremely variable in different species. To clarify how the testis transcriptomic pattern has evolved in particular species, we examined the evolution of the adult testis transcriptome in Theria using 10 species: two marsupials (opossum and Tasmanian devil), six eutherian (placental) mammals (human, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, rhesus macaque, and mouse), and two outgroup species (platypus and chicken). We show that 22 testis-expressed genes are marsupial-specific, suggesting their acquisition in the stem lineage of marsupials after the divergence from eutherians. Despite the time length of the eutherian stem lineage being similar to that of the marsupial lineage, acquisition of testis-expressed genes was not found in the stem lineage of eutherians; rather, their expression patterns differed by species, suggesting rapid gene evolution in the eutherian ancestors. Fifteen testis-expressed genes are therian-specific, and for three of these genes, the evolutionary tempo is markedly faster in eutherians than in marsupials. Our phylogenetic analysis of Rho GTPase-activating protein 28 (ARHGAP28) suggests the adaptive evolution of this gene in the eutherians, probably together with the expression pattern differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14162316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T06:25:24Z","timestamp":1723271124000},"page":"2316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptive Evolution and Functional Differentiation of Testis-Expressed Genes in Theria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yukako","family":"Katsura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4640-2323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuji","family":"Shigenobu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-0867, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-493X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Satta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05634","article-title":"The delayed rise of present-day mammals","volume":"446","author":"Cardillo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katsura, Y., Kondo, H.X., Ryan, J., Harley, V., and Satta, Y. 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