{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:39:55Z","timestamp":1783741195148,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]],"date-time":"2024-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lithuanian Council for Research","award":["S-MIP-22-137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-MIP-22-137"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heat stress (HS) is one of the key factors affecting an animal\u2019s immune system and productivity, as a result of a physiological reaction combined with environmental factors. This study examined the short-term effects of heat stress on cow behavior, as recorded by innovative technologies, and its impact on blood gas parameters, using 56 of the 1070 cows clinically evaluated during the second and subsequent lactations within the first 30 days postpartum. Throughout the experiment (from 4 June 2024 until 1 July 2024), cow behavior parameters (rumination time min\/d. (RT), body temperature (\u00b0C), reticulorumen pH, water consumption (L\/day), cow activity (h\/day)) were monitored using specialized SmaXtec boluses and employing a blood gas analyzer (Siemens Healthineers, 1200 Courtneypark Dr E Mississauga, L5T 1P2, Canada). During the study period, the temperature\u2013humidity index (THI), based on ambient temperature and humidity, was recorded and used to calculate THI and to categorize the data into four THI classes as follows: 1\u2014THI 60\u201363 (4 June 2024\u201312 June 2024); 2\u2014THI 65\u201369 (13 June 2024\u201318 June 2024); 3\u2014THI 73\u201375 (19 June 2024\u201325 June 2024); and 4\u2014THI 73\u201378 (26 June 2024\u20131 July 2024). The results showed that heat stress significantly reduced rumination time by up to 70% in cows within the highest THI class (73 to 78) and increased body temperature by 2%. It also caused a 12.6% decrease in partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2) and a 32% increase in partial oxygen pressure (pO2), also decreasing plasma sodium by 1.36% and potassium by 6%, while increasing chloride by 3%. The findings underscore the critical need for continuous monitoring, early detection, and proactive management to mitigate the adverse impacts of heat stress on dairy cow health and productivity. Recommendations include the use of advanced monitoring technologies and specific blood gas parameter tracking to detect the early signs of heat stress and implement more timely interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14162390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T05:19:36Z","timestamp":1724044776000},"page":"2390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Short-Term Effects of Heat Stress on Cow Behavior, Registered by Innovative Technologies and Blood Gas Parameters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-2224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u016bnas","family":"Antanaitis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5343-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"D\u017eermeikait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0462-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justina","family":"Kri\u0161tolaityt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renalda","family":"Juod\u017eentyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8036-9662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolandas","family":"Stankevi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giedrius","family":"Palubinskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ar\u016bnas","family":"Rutkauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Til\u017e\u0117s Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, S., Sharma, A., Joy, A., Dunshea, F.R., and Chauhan, S.S. 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