{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:17:06Z","timestamp":1767896226508,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this study were (a) to detect zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogens in faecal samples of horses using the FilmArray\u00ae GI Panel and (b) to identify variables potentially associated with their presence. Faecal samples collected from 224 horses obtained during a countrywide study in Greece were tested by means of the BioFire\u00ae FilmArray\u00ae Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel, which uses multiplex-PCR technology for the detection of 22 pathogens. Gastrointestinal pathogens were detected in the faecal samples obtained from 97 horses (43.3%). Zoonotic pathogens were detected more frequently in samples from horses in courtyard housing (56.0%) than in samples from horses in other housing types (39.7%) (p = 0.040). The most frequently detected zoonotic pathogens were enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (19.2% of horses) and Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli stx1\/stx2 (13.8%). During multivariable analysis, two variables emerged as significant predictors for the outcome \u2018detection of at least one zoonotic pathogen in the faecal sample from an animal\u2019: (a) the decreasing age of horses (p = 0.0001) and (b) the presence of livestock at the same premises as the horses (p = 0.013). As a significant predictor for the outcome \u2018detection of two zoonotic pathogens concurrently in the faecal sample from an animal\u2019, only the season of sampling of animals (autumn) emerged as significant in the multivariable analysis (p = 0.049). The results indicated a diversity of gastrointestinal pathogens with zoonotic potential in horses and provided evidence for predictors for the infections; also, they can serve to inform horse owners and handlers regarding the possible risk of transmission of pathogens with zoonotic potential. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of continuous surveillance for zoonotic pathogens in domestic animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14172566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T12:22:33Z","timestamp":1725366153000},"page":"2566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection of Gastrointestinal Pathogens with Zoonotic Potential in Horses Used in Free-Riding Activities during a Countrywide Study in Greece"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Tyrnenopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2819-2089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Tsilipounidaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoi","family":"Florou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos-Georgios","family":"Gkountinoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Tyropoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Veterinary Practice, 81107 Kalloni, Lesvos, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Starras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Veterinary Practice, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7007-9488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Peleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Veterinary Practice, 40200 Livadi, Elassona, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danai","family":"Marneris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Veterinary Practice, 15450 Neo Psychico, Attica, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikoletta","family":"Arseniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Veterinary Practice, 15340 Aghia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daphne T.","family":"Lianou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni I.","family":"Katsarou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efthymia","family":"Petinaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Fthenakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sing, A. 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