{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:08:45Z","timestamp":1790208525146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to develop three-dimensional printing models of the bony nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of big and domestic cats using reconstructed computed tomographic images. This work included an exhaustive study of the osseous nasal anatomy of the domestic cat carried out through dissections, bone trepanations and sectional anatomy. With the use of OsiriX viewer, the DICOM images were postprocessed to obtaining maximum-intensity projection and volume-rendering reconstructions, which allowed for the visualization of the nasal cavity structures and the paranasal sinuses, providing an improvement in the future anatomical studies and diagnosis of pathologies. DICOM images were also processed with AMIRA software to obtain three-dimensional images using semiautomatic segmentation application. These images were then exported using 3D Slicer software for three-dimensional printing. Molds were printed with the Stratasys 3D printer. In human medicine, three-dimensional printing is already of great importance in the clinical field; however, it has not yet been implemented in veterinary medicine and is a technique that will, in the future, in addition to facilitating the anatomical study and diagnosis of diseases, allow for the development of implants that will improve the treatment of pathologies and the survival of big felids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14172609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T04:15:01Z","timestamp":1725855301000},"page":"2609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Bony Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses of Big Felids and Domestic Cat: A Study Using Anatomical Techniques, Computed Tomographic Images Reconstructed in Maximum-Intensity Projection, Volume Rendering and 3D Printing Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2303-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"D\u00edaz Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6797-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Arencibia Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Anatomy and Embriology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmonta\u00f1a, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3940-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Soler Lagu\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Ayala Florenciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kilroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda I.","family":"Garc\u00eda Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Support Research Service SACE-ACTI, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mart\u00ednez Gomariz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cayetano","family":"S\u00e1nchez Collado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1770-9521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Gil Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Radu\u00e1n","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Anatomy and Embriology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmonta\u00f1a, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0782-8970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregorio","family":"Ram\u00edrez Zarzosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sandoval, J. (2000). Tratado de Anatom\u00eda Veterinaria, Tomo III: Cabeza y Sistemas Viscerales, Imprenta Sorles."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00edaz Mart\u00ednez, E., Arencibia Espinosa, A., Soler Lagu\u00eda, M., Kilroy, D., Mart\u00ednez Gomariz, F., Casas Garc\u00eda, D.L., S\u00e1nchez Collado, C., Gil Cano, F., Jaber, J.R., and Ram\u00edrez Zarzosa, G. (2024). An Anatomical Study Using Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Rhinoscopy of the Nasal Cavity of Domestic Cat (Felis silvestris catus L.) and Big Cats: Lion (Panthera leo leo L.), Leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya L.), and Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus S.). Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14081172"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reighard, J., and Jennings, H.S. (1901). Anatomy of the Cat, Henry Holt and Company.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.54000"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Dyce, K.M., Sack, W.O., and Wensing, C.J.G. (2002). Anatom\u00eda Veterinaria, McGraw-Hill Interamericana."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(85)50100-X","article-title":"Diseases of the nose and sinuses","volume":"15","author":"Norris","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Crouch, J.E. (1969). Text-Atlas of Cat Anatomy, Lea & Febiger."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Hudson, L.C., and Hamilton, W.P. (1993). Atlas of Feline Anatomy for Veterinarians, W.B. Saunders Company."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig, H.E. (1992). Anatomie der Katze: Mit Hinweisen f\u00fcr die tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis, G. Fischer."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig, H.E., and P\u00e9rez, W. (2022). Anatomie der Katze und ihr Verhalten aus der Sicht des Anatomen, eine Textsammlung, Cuvillier Verlag."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez, J.M., Gil, F., Latorre, R., Ram\u00edrez, G., L\u00f3pez Albors, O., Ayala, M.D., Mart\u00ednez Gomariz, F., S\u00e1nchez, C., and Orenes, M. (2001). Manual de Pr\u00e1cticas de Anatom\u00eda Veterinaria: Sistemas Viscerales, Diego Mar\u00edn."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2011.01104.x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of normal nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in cats","volume":"41","author":"Conchou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anat. Histol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(92)50305-9","article-title":"Canine and feline nasal and paranasal sinus tumors","volume":"22","author":"Ogilvie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2003.9695151","article-title":"Canine transmissible venereal tumour: Cytogenetic origin, immunophenotype, and immunobiology. A review","volume":"25","author":"Mukaratirwa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.08.005","article-title":"Investigation of nasal disease in the cat--a retrospective study of 77 cases","volume":"6","author":"Henderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6112","article-title":"An Unusual Case of a Nasal Foreign Body in a Cat with Chronic Nasal Discharge","volume":"51","author":"Bellei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.02.004","article-title":"Surgical approaches to the nasal cavity and sinuses","volume":"46","author":"Weeden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12269","article-title":"Feline (Felis catus) Skull and Pelvic Morphology and Morphometry: Gender-Related Difference?","volume":"46","author":"Pitakarnnop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anat. Histol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos, J., Viegas, I., Pereira, H., and Requicha, J.F. (2021). Morphometrical Study of the European Shorthair Cat Skull Using Computed Tomography. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8080161"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamad, J.R.J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez, E., Arencibia, A., D\u00e9niz, S., Carrascosa, C., and Encinoso, M. (2023). Anatomical Description of Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) and Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) Skull by Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction and Maximum Intensity Projection Images. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040621"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00851.x","article-title":"Computed tomography of the normal feline nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses","volume":"38","author":"Losonsky","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novales, M., Lucena, R., Hern\u00e1ndez, E.M., Ginel, P.J., Fern\u00e1ndez, J.M., and Blanco, B. (2023). Three-Dimensional Volume Rendering in Computed Tomography for Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Dogs. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13203231"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojo R\u00edos, D., Ram\u00edrez Zarzosa, G., Soler Lagu\u00eda, M., Kilroy, D., Mart\u00ednez Gomariz, F., S\u00e1nchez Collado, C., Gil Cano, F., Garc\u00eda Garc\u00eda, M.I., Ayala Florenciano, M.D., and Arencibia Espinosa, A. (2023). Anatomical and Three-Dimensional Study of the Female Feline Abdominal and Pelvic Vascular System Using Dissections, Computed Tomography Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10120704"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/08987564231210409","article-title":"Evaluation of 3D-Printed Dog Teeth for Pre-clinical Training of Endodontic Therapy in Veterinary Dentistry","volume":"41","author":"Carvalho","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Vet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valtonen, O., Ormiskangas, J., Kivek\u00e4s, I., Rantanen, V., Dean, M., Poe, D., J\u00e4rnstedt, J., Lekkala, J., Saarenrinne, P., and Rautiainen, M. (2020). Three-Dimensional Printing of the Nasal Cavities for Clinical Experiments. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57537-2"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2018.03.003","article-title":"3D Volume Rendering and 3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing)","volume":"62","author":"Katkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.2054","article-title":"Clinical Application of 3-Dimensional Printing Technology for Patients With Nasal Septal Deformities: A Multicenter Study","volume":"144","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22306","article-title":"Creation and validation of three-dimensional printed models for basic nasal endoscopic training","volume":"9","author":"Zhuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy. Rhinol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618782804","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Printing of Personalized Nasal Stents for Patients with Cleft Lip","volume":"56","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cleft. Palate Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Schaller, O. (1992). Illustrated Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature, Ferdinand Enke Verlag."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Barone, R. (2017). Anatomie Compar\u00e9e des Mammif\u00e8res Domestiques: Appareil Digestif, Appareil Respiratoire. Tome 3. Splanchnologie I, Vigot. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buzek, A., Serwa\u0144ska-Leja, K., Zaworska-Zakrzewska, A., and Kasprowicz-Potocka, M. (2022). The Shape of the Nasal Cavity and Adaptations to Sniffing in the Dog (Canis familiaris) Compared to Other Domesticated Mammals: A Review Article. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12040517"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.12.009","article-title":"Radiographic techniques of the nasal cavity and sinuses","volume":"21","author":"Pownder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Tech. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1093","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cross-sectional views of the anatomy of normal nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in mesaticephalic dogs","volume":"64","author":"Saunders","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715611706","article-title":"A retrospective study of skull base neoplasia in 42 dogs","volume":"27","author":"Rissi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v9i4.10","article-title":"Clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of primary nasal osteosarcoma in a Libyan cat","volume":"9","author":"Abushhiwa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"2055116919833732","article-title":"Feline meningioma with extensive nasal involvement","volume":"5","author":"Munro","year":"2019","journal-title":"JFMS Open Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12541","article-title":"Use of CT to evaluate and compare intranasal features in brachycephalic and normocephalic dogs","volume":"57","author":"Auger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12846","article-title":"Canine nasal septum deviation can be a normal variation and correlates with increasing skull indices","volume":"61","author":"Miles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01784.x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial malformations in dogs and cats","volume":"52","author":"MacKillop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12461","article-title":"Comparison of transverse computed tomographic excretory urography images and maximum intensity projection images for diagnosing ectopic ureters in dogs","volume":"58","author":"Secrest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ajvr.22.04.0066","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.04.0066","article-title":"Results of using multiplanar reconstructed CT images for assessing elbow joint osteoarthritis in dogs are consistent with results of radiographic assessment","volume":"83","author":"Shubert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2008.9.4.407","article-title":"Three-dimensional CT angiography of the canine hepatic vasculature","volume":"9","author":"Jeong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13531","article-title":"A three-dimensional computed tomographic volume rendering methodology to measure the tibial torsion angle in dogs","volume":"50","author":"Longo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojo R\u00edos, D., Ram\u00edrez Zarzosa, G., Soler Lagu\u00eda, M., Kilroy, D., Mart\u00ednez Gomariz, F., S\u00e1nchez Collado, C., Gil Cano, F., Garc\u00eda Garc\u00eda, M.I., J\u00e1ber, J.R., and Arencibia Espinosa, A. (2023). Creation of Three-Dimensional Anatomical Vascular and Biliary Models for the Study of the Feline Liver (Felis silvestris catus L.): A Comparative CT, Volume Rendering (Vr), Cast and 3D Printing Study. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101573"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12806","article-title":"Computed tomography venography description of the normal anatomy of the canine hindlimb venous system","volume":"51","author":"Besuden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anat. Histol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12176","article-title":"Invited review--Applications for 3D printers in veterinary medicine","volume":"55","author":"Hespel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150643","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.150643","article-title":"From tissue to silicon to plastic: Three-dimensional printing in comparative anatomy and physiology","volume":"3","author":"Lauridsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12502","article-title":"3D Printing for veterinary anatomy: An overview","volume":"48","author":"Wilhite","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat. Histol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"105","article-title":"Anatomy of the Canine Skull in Low-grade Otocephaly","volume":"28","author":"Fox","year":"1964","journal-title":"Can. J. Comp. Med. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0264.1999.00202.x","article-title":"A morphometric study on the skull of the German shepherd dog (Alsatian)","volume":"28","author":"Onar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anat. Histol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2021.0011","article-title":"Macroanatomical and morphometric study on the skull bones of Aksaray Malakli dogs","volume":"81","author":"Karabulut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Folia Morphol."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Bauer, H., Packer, C., Funston, P.F., Henschel, P., and Nowell, K. (2024, April 10). Panthera leo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016; e.T15951A115130419. Available online: https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/15951\/259030422."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Stein, A.B., Athreya, V., Gerngross, P., Balme, G., Henschel, P., Karanth, U., Miquelle, D., Rostro-Garcia, S., Kamler, J.F., and Laguardia, A. (2024, April 10). Panthera pardus (Amended Version of 2019 Assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020; e.T15954A163991139. Available online: https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/15954\/254576956."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Durant, S.M., Groom, R., Ipavec, A., Mitchell, N., and Khalatbari, L. (2024, April 10). Acinonyx jubatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022; e.T219A124366642. Available online: https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/219\/259025524."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/17\/2609\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:51:20Z","timestamp":1760111480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/17\/2609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ani14172609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani14172609","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]]}}}