{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:08:03Z","timestamp":1783721283528,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic","award":["QK1910462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QK1910462"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic","award":["MZE-RO0118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MZE-RO0118"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic","award":["TQ03000038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TQ03000038"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture","award":["QK1910462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QK1910462"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture","award":["MZE-RO0118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MZE-RO0118"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture","award":["TQ03000038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TQ03000038"]}]},{"name":"Technology Agency of Czech Republic","award":["QK1910462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QK1910462"]}]},{"name":"Technology Agency of Czech Republic","award":["MZE-RO0118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MZE-RO0118"]}]},{"name":"Technology Agency of Czech Republic","award":["TQ03000038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TQ03000038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, African swine fever (ASF), a highly fatal disease has become pervasive, with outbreaks recorded across European countries, leading to preventative measures to restrict wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) movement, and, therefore, keep ASF from spreading. This study aims to detail how specific human activities\u2014defined as \u201ccar\u201d, \u201cdog\u201d, \u201cchainsaw\u201d, and \u201ctourism\u201d\u2014affect wild boar behavior, considering the disturbance proximity, and evaluate possible implications for wild boar management in ASF-affected areas. Wild boar behavior was studied using advanced biologging technology. This study tracks and analyzes wild boar movements and behavioral responses to human disturbances. This study utilizes the dead reckoning method to precisely reconstruct the animal movements and evaluate behavioral changes based on proximity to disturbances. The sound of specific human activities was reproduced for telemetered animals from forest roads from different distances. Statistical analyses show that wild boars exhibit increased vigilance and altered movement patterns in response to closer human activity, but only in a small number of cases and with no significantly longer time scale. The relative representation of behaviors after disruption confirmed a high instance of resting behavior (83%). Running was the least observed reaction in only 0.9% of all cases. The remaining reactions were identified as foraging (5.1%), walking (5.0%), standing (2.2%), and other (3.8%). The findings suggest that while human presence and activities do influence wild boar behavior, adherence to movement restrictions and careful management of human activity in ASF-infected areas is not a necessary measure if human movement is limited to forest roads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14182710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T03:34:20Z","timestamp":1726716860000},"page":"2710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Wild Boar Proves High Tolerance to Human-Caused Disruptions: Management Implications in African Swine Fever Outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1847-2877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Faltusov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0003-3174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Cukor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, V.V.I., Strnady 136, 252 02 J\u00edlovi\u0161t\u011b, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rostislav","family":"Linda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, V.V.I., Strnady 136, 252 02 J\u00edlovi\u0161t\u011b, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e1clav","family":"Silovsk\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Ku\u0161ta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milo\u0161","family":"Je\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jori, F., Massei, G., Licoppe, A., Linden, A., V\u00e1clavek, P., and Chenais, E. 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