{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:07:09Z","timestamp":1761898029806,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]],"date-time":"2024-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANID-Chile","award":["FONDECYT 11170244","1231088","FOVI230188","FONDECYT 1231206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDECYT 11170244","1231088","FOVI230188","FONDECYT 1231206"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The salmonid industry faces challenges due to the susceptibility of fish to opportunistic pathogens, particularly in early developmental stages. Understanding the immunological capacity during these stages is crucial for developing effective disease control strategies. IL-8R, a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family, acts as a receptor for Interleukin 8 (IL-8). The binding of IL-8 to IL-8R plays a major role in the pathophysiology of a wide spectrum of inflammatory conditions. This study focused on the immune response capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae by analyzing IL-8\/CXCR1 response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previous research demonstrated that LPS from P. aeruginosa acts as a potent immunostimulant in teleost, enhancing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The methodology included in silico analysis and the synthesis and characterization of an omCXCR1-derived epitope peptide, which was used to produce omCXCR1-specific anti98 serum in mice. The research revealed that rainbow trout larvae 19 days post-hatching (dph) exhibited pronounced immune responses post-stimulation with 1 \u00b5g\/mL of LPS. This was evidenced by the upregulated protein expression of IL-8 and omCXCR1 in trout larvae 2 and 8 h after LPS challenge, as analyzed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy successfully revealed the colocalization of IL-8 and its receptor in cells from mucosal tissues after LPS challenge in larvae 19 dph. These findings underscore the efficacy of LPS immersion as a method to activate the innate immune system in trout larvae. Furthermore, we propose IL-8 and its receptor as molecular markers for evaluating immunostimulation in the early developmental stages of salmonids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14192878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T07:08:18Z","timestamp":1728284898000},"page":"2878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection and Localization of IL-8 and CXCR1 in Rainbow Trout Larvae in Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5742-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula A.","family":"Santana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioingenier\u00eda de Tejidos e Innovaci\u00f3n Odontol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2360004, Chile"},{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Escuela de Odontolog\u00eda, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2360004, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo Biotecnolog\u00eda Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2340025, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Gaete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Diagn\u00f3stico de COVID-19, Unidad de Detecci\u00f3n y An\u00e1lisis, Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, Rancagua 2841959, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1098-7529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias, 35214 Taliarte, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2340025, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio A.","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Cultivo de Peces, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica Marina (FIGEMA), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas \u00c1ridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo 1781421, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Agaro, E., Gibertoni, P.P., and Esposito, S. 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