{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:00:12Z","timestamp":1791165612375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP2\/312\/45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/312\/45"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a Cyprinid fish of aquacultural and research importance. The buccal cavity represents the gateway of the digestive tract. The present study investigated the adaptational changes involving various components of the buccal cavity of fingerling (three months posthatching, mph), yearling (12 mph), and adult (48 mph) C. idella using scanning electron microscopy, histology, and morphometry. The upper and lower lips appeared uninterrupted at the three studied stages and were limited caudally by the upper and lower jaws. The jaw epithelium was the thickest part of the buccal epithelium; ultrastructurally, it appeared smooth with ridge-like borders in fingerlings that transformed into microgrooves in yearlings. In adult C. idella, the jaw mucosa was organized into dome-shaped masses separated from each other by tight furrows. Each mass was formed from several keratinocytes with corrugated surfaces that featured numerous microdepressions. Except for the jaws, taste buds, mainly of type I, and acidic and neutral goblet cells were observed throughout the mucosa of the buccal cavity, and their densities were highest along the mucosal folds of the palate and oral floor, suggesting a principal role for these parts in both gustation and food lubrication. This study is the first to report age-associated spatiotemporal changes in the buccal cavity of grass carp and will serve as a fundamental reference during the interpretation of various types of oral pathologies in teleost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14213162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T09:52:54Z","timestamp":1730713974000},"page":"3162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spatiotemporal Ultrastructural, Histological, and Morphometric Changes in the Buccal Cavity of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) During Fingerling, Yearling, and Adult Stages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9235-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Ateya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadiga A.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Electron Microscopy Unit, Mansura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6613-1498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, The Center for Medical and Health Research, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma A.","family":"Madkour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teresa, O., and Maciej, K. 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