{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:26:41Z","timestamp":1785353201943,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National laying hen industrial technology system","award":["CARS-40-S19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40-S19"]}]},{"name":"National laying hen industrial technology system","award":["2022YFD1600901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600901"]}]},{"name":"National laying hen industrial technology system","award":["YDZX2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX2023002"]}]},{"name":"National laying hen industrial technology system","award":["22zx7151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22zx7151"]}]},{"name":"National laying hen industrial technology system","award":["2023NSFSC1147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1147"]}]},{"name":"National laying hen industrial technology system","award":["CNDK-2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNDK-2023-01"]}]},{"name":"National key research and development plan","award":["CARS-40-S19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40-S19"]}]},{"name":"National key research and development plan","award":["2022YFD1600901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600901"]}]},{"name":"National key research and development plan","award":["YDZX2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX2023002"]}]},{"name":"National key research and development plan","award":["22zx7151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22zx7151"]}]},{"name":"National key research and development plan","award":["2023NSFSC1147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1147"]}]},{"name":"National key research and development plan","award":["CNDK-2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNDK-2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province technology innovation guidance program","award":["CARS-40-S19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40-S19"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province technology innovation guidance program","award":["2022YFD1600901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600901"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province technology innovation guidance program","award":["YDZX2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX2023002"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province technology innovation guidance program","award":["22zx7151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22zx7151"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province technology innovation guidance program","award":["2023NSFSC1147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1147"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province technology innovation guidance program","award":["CNDK-2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNDK-2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology","award":["CARS-40-S19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40-S19"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology","award":["2022YFD1600901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600901"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology","award":["YDZX2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX2023002"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology","award":["22zx7151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22zx7151"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology","award":["2023NSFSC1147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1147"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology","award":["CNDK-2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNDK-2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["CARS-40-S19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40-S19"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2022YFD1600901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600901"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["YDZX2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX2023002"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["22zx7151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22zx7151"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2023NSFSC1147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1147"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["CNDK-2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNDK-2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["CARS-40-S19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40-S19"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["2022YFD1600901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600901"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["YDZX2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX2023002"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["22zx7151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22zx7151"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["2023NSFSC1147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1147"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["CNDK-2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNDK-2023-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Improving egg quality is one of the main objectives of the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary oregano oil supplementation with different concentrations on the egg quality, intestinal morphology and cecal microbiome of late-phase laying hens. A total of 300 55-week-old Snowy white laying hens were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basal diet (control) or basal diets supplemented with oregano oil at 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg\/kg (O25, O50, O75 and O100) over a 100-day period. Compared with the control group, eggshell thickness and eggshell weight were increased significantly in eggs when oregano oil was added (p &lt; 0.05). The highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and C18:2n6c was observed in yolks with 25 mg\/kg supplement among 5 groups (p &lt; 0.05). The highest average content of riboflavin in egg yolk and thiamine in egg white was observed in the O25 group (p &lt; 0.05). When the supplemental levels of oregano oil were 25 mg\/kg and 50 mg\/kg, the selenium and phosphorus content in the egg was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05). The ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V\/C) and villus height of the small intestine was significantly increased compared with the chickens fed the basal diet (p &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, the abundance of Megamonas was increased in the O50 group (p &lt; 0.05). The unclassified_o__Bacteroidales in the O25 group were significantly higher than those in the other four groups (p &lt; 0.05). These differential microorganisms were significantly correlated with egg quality characteristics. Dietary supplementation of oregano oil can significantly improve egg quality via gut microbiota alteration in laying hens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14223235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T05:21:59Z","timestamp":1731388919000},"page":"3235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dietary Oregano Oil Supplementation Improved Egg Quality by Altering Cecal Microbiota Function in Laying Hens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Xian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa 850009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa 850009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa 850009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa 850009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yidan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa 850009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7010706","article-title":"Egg and Egg-Derived Foods: Effects on Human Health and Use as Functional Foods","volume":"7","author":"Miranda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00e9hault-Godbert, S., Guyot, N., and Nys, Y. (2019). The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030684"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.11.023","article-title":"A Comparison between the Quality of Eggs from Indigenous Chicken Breeds and That from Commercial Layers","volume":"99","author":"Lordelo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6187","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez401","article-title":"Changes in the Quality of Eggs during Storage Depending on the Housing System and the Age of Hens","volume":"98","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Chen, J., Yang, J., Gong, S., Zheng, J., and Xu, G. (2021). Effects of Lard and Vegetable Oils Supplementation Quality and Concentration on Laying Performance, Egg Quality and Liver Antioxidant Genes Expression in Hy-Line Brown. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030769"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"4103","article-title":"Medicinal Plants: Their Use in Anticancer Treatment","volume":"6","author":"Greenwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-021-01178-0","article-title":"Essential Oils as Natural Antimicrobial Agents in Postharvest Treatments of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review","volume":"16","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Charact."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leyva-L\u00f3pez, N., Guti\u00e9rrez-Grijalva, E.P., Vazquez-Olivo, G., and Heredia, J.B. (2017). Essential Oils of Oregano: Biological Activity beyond Their Antimicrobial Properties. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22060989"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex285","article-title":"Effect of Oregano Oil and Tannic Acid Combinations on the Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Cooked Chicken Meat","volume":"97","author":"Mendonca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13951","article-title":"Antioxidant Stability Study of Oregano Essential Oil Microcapsules Prepared by Spray-Drying","volume":"82","author":"Asensio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12453","article-title":"Antiviral Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Oregano Essential Oil and Its Primary Component Carvacrol against Murine Norovirus","volume":"116","author":"Gilling","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xin, Y., Liu, H., Yan, X., Huang, W., Pan, S., Zhou, M., Lu, B., Tan, B., Dong, X., and Yang, Y. (2022). Effect of Dietary Oregano Oil on Growth Performance, Disease Resistance, Intestinal Morphology, Immunity, and Microbiota of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus \u2640 \u00d7 Epinephelus lanceolatus \u2642). Front. Mar. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.1038394"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2008.134.150","article-title":"Effect of Natural Antioxidant on Oxidative Stability of Eggs and Productive and Reproductive Performance of Laying Hens","volume":"7","author":"Nadia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.595-602","article-title":"Effects of Oregano (Lippia origanoides) Essential Oil Supplementation on the Performance, Egg Quality, and Intestinal Morphometry of Isa Brown Laying Hens","volume":"14","author":"Ramirez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, F., Zhang, L., Li, H., Xia, F., Bai, H., Piao, X., Sun, Z., Cui, H., and Shi, L. (2022). Dietary Oregano Essential Oil Supplementation Influences Production Performance and Gut Microbiota in Late-Phase Laying Hens Fed Wheat-Based Diets. Animal, 12.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1342979\/v1"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13080","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Bamboo Vinegar Supplementation on Performance, Eggshell Quality, Ileal Microflora Composition, and Intestinal Villus Morphology of Laying Hens in the Late Phase of Production","volume":"89","author":"Rattanawut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Xu, B., Wang, L., Sun, Q., Deng, W., Wei, F., Ma, H., Fu, C., Wang, G., and Li, S. (2021). Effects of Clostridium Butyricum on Growth Performance, Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function of Broilers. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.777456"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"30","article-title":"Intestinal Microbiota and Its Functions","volume":"3","author":"Montalto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02822","article-title":"Bacterial Census of Poultry Intestinal Microbiome","volume":"92","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.26945","article-title":"Intestinal Microbiome of Poultry and Its Interaction with Host and Diet","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2004). Feeding Standard of Chicken (Standard No. NY\/T33-2004)."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2009). Technical Specifications for Breeding of Lhasa White Chicken (Breed Group) (Standard No. DB54\/T 0036-2009)."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2014-00980","article-title":"Nutrient requirements of poultry publication: History and need for an update","volume":"23","author":"Applegate","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2016). National Food Safety Standard\u2014Limits of Microbial Contaminants in Foods (Standard No. GB 5009.124-2016)."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2016). National Food Safety Standard\u2014Determination of Total Dietary Fiber in Foods (Standard No. GB\/T 5009.168-2016)."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2016). National Food Safety Standard\u2014Determination of Mycotoxins in Foods (Standard No. GB 5009.85-2016)."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2016). National Food Safety Standard\u2014Determination of Residues of Pesticides in Foods (Standard No. GB 5009.84-2016)."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2016). National Food Safety Standard\u2014Determination of Moisture in Foods (Standard No. GB 5009.5-2016)."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"48","article-title":"Status of Examination for Egg Quality","volume":"26","author":"Tu","year":"2004","journal-title":"China Poult."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2016). National Food Safety Standard\u2014Determination of Heavy Metals in Foods (Standard No. GB 5009.268-2016)."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"73","article-title":"Effect of Supplemental Oregano Essential Oils in Diets on Production Performance and Relatively Intestinal Parameters of Laying Hens","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.03.005","article-title":"Effects of Essential Oils on Performance, Egg Quality, Nutrient Digestibility and Yolk Fatty Acid Profile in Laying Hens","volume":"3","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, J., Lu, M., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Qiu, K., Qi, G., and Wu, S. (2021). Dietary Oregano Essential Oil Supplementation Improves Intestinal Functions and Alters Gut Microbiota in Late-Phase Laying Hens. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00600-3"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669987089","article-title":"Influence of Dietary Energy, Supplemental Fat and Linoleic Acid Concentration on Performance of Laying Hens at Two Ages","volume":"40","author":"Grobas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.12.003","article-title":"Different Essential Oils in Diets of Broiler Chickens: 2. Gut Microbes and Morphology, Immune Response, and Some Blood Profile and Antioxidant Enzymes","volume":"236","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-0983-2","article-title":"Leucine Nutrition in Animals and Humans: mTOR Signaling and Beyond","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, G. (2014). Dietary Requirements of Synthesizable Amino Acids by Animals: A Paradigm Shift in Protein Nutrition. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-34"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.2.411","article-title":"Egg Yolk as a Source of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Infant Feeding","volume":"55","author":"Simopoulos","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-111317-095850","article-title":"Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Health Benefits","volume":"9","author":"Shahidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Food. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soko\u0142a-Wysocza\u0144ska, E., Wysocza\u0144ski, T., Wagner, J., Czy\u017c, K., Bodkowski, R., Lochy\u0144ski, S., and Patkowska-Soko\u0142a, B. (2018). Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Potential Therapeutic Role in Cardiovascular System Disorders\u2014A Review. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101561"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2008.08.005","article-title":"Quail Egg Yolk (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) Enriched with Omega-3 Fatty Acids","volume":"42","author":"Deren","year":"2009","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.009072","article-title":"The Effects of Supplementation of Bergamot Oil (Citrus bergamia) on Egg Production, Egg Quality, Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolk in Laying Hens","volume":"47","author":"Erhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2015.1123219","article-title":"Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Thymol, Synbiotic and Their Combination on Performance, Egg Quality and Serum Metabolic Profile of Hy-Line Brown Hens","volume":"57","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherian, G., and Quezada, N. (2016). Egg Quality, Fatty Acid Composition and Immunoglobulin Y Content in Eggs from Laying Hens Fed Full Fat Camelina or Flax Seed. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0075-y"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Huang, Q., Yang, C., Yu, C., Zhang, Z., Chen, M., Ren, P., and Qiu, M. (2023). Molecular Regulation of Differential Lipid Molecule Accumulation in the Intramuscular Fat and Abdominal Fat of Chickens. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14071457"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.022","article-title":"Effect of Variety and Environment on the Amount of Thiamine and Riboflavin in Cereals and Grain Legumes","volume":"238","author":"Stephanie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amer, S.A., Tolba, S.A., AlSadek, D.M.M., Abdel Fattah, D.M., Hassan, A.M., and Metwally, A.E. (2021). Effect of Supplemental Glycerol Monolaurate and Oregano Essential Oil Blend on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Amino Acid Digestibility of Broiler Chickens. BMC Vet. Res., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-03022-5"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2012.11.003","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Bacillus Subtilis and Inulin Supplementation on Performance, Eggshell Quality, Intestinal Morphology and Microflora Composition of Laying Hens in the Late Phase of Production","volume":"179","author":"Abdelqader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.598S","article-title":"Effect of Physical Activity on Thiamine, Riboflavin, and Vitamin B-6 Requirements123","volume":"72","author":"Manore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3945\/an.113.004861","article-title":"Assessing the Health Impact of Phosphorus in the Food Supply: Issues and Considerations123","volume":"5","author":"Calvo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2024, September 13). Chemical Composition of Eggs and Egg Products. Available online: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/referenceworkentry\/10.1007\/978-3-642-36605-5_28."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02490-9","article-title":"The Importance of Selenium to Human Health","volume":"356","author":"Rayman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61452-9","article-title":"Selenium and Human Health","volume":"379","author":"Rayman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2019.01.014","article-title":"Eggs as a Source of Selenium in the Human Diet","volume":"78","author":"Pilarczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.009","article-title":"Holistic View of Intestinal Health in Poultry","volume":"250","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/14.2.444","article-title":"Comparative Gut Microflora, Metabolic Challenges, and Potential Opportunities","volume":"14","author":"Apajalahti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.03.016","article-title":"Exploring Bacteroidetes: Metabolic Key Points and Immunological Tricks of Our Gut Commensals","volume":"50","author":"Gibiino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diges. Liver. Dis."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-010-9796-1","article-title":"A closer look at bacteroides: Phylogenetic relationship and genomic implications of a life in the human gut","volume":"61","author":"Karlsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12972","article-title":"Effect of Bacillus Subtilis CGMCC 1.1086 on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Broilers","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sergeant, M.J., Constantinidou, C., Cogan, T.A., Bedford, M.R., Penn, C.W., and Pallen, M.J. (2014). Extensive Microbial and Functional Diversity within the Chicken Cecal Microbiome. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091941"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114476","article-title":"Effects of Clostridium butyricum on production performance and intestinal absorption function of laying hens in the late phase of production","volume":"264","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-04419-8","article-title":"Relative Abundance of Megamonas Hypermegale and Butyrivibrio Species Decreased in the Intestine and Its Possible Association with the T Cell Aberration by Metabolite Alteration in Patients with Behcet\u2019s Disease (210 Characters)","volume":"38","author":"Shimizu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/22\/3235\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:30:34Z","timestamp":1760113834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/14\/22\/3235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ani14223235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani14223235","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]}}}