{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:01:19Z","timestamp":1791378079626,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione di Sardegna","award":["1759\u201431\/05\/2022\u2014FDS2223SANNAPASSINO\u2014CUP J83C22000170007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1759\u201431\/05\/2022\u2014FDS2223SANNAPASSINO\u2014CUP J83C22000170007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a medetomidine\u2013vatinoxan combination versus medetomidine alone on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a short-term surgery in dogs. Four groups of 10 dogs were administered as follows: medetomidine and sevoflurane; medetomidine and desflurane; medetomidine\u2013vatinoxan and sevoflurane; and medetomidine\u2013vatinoxan and desflurane. After administration, the increase in MAP soon stopped at 102\u2013104 mmHg in the two groups administered medetomidine\u2013vatinoxan, compared with significantly higher values of 143\u2013126 mmHg achieved in the two groups administered medetomidine alone. The lowest MAPs in the two medetomidine\u2013vatinoxan groups were 46\u201350 mmHg, while in the medetomidine groups, they were 58\u201379 mmHg. From 3 min onwards after administration, in the medetomidine\u2013vatinoxan treatments, HR remained at values very close to those of pre-administration, between 83 and 118 beats min\u22121, while in the medetomidine treatments, it dropped to 36\u201343 beats min\u22121 and then slowly rose to reach 71\u201390 beats min\u22121. These results encourage the use of vatinoxan in clinical settings, particularly in anesthetic protocols for dogs when bradycardia and an increase in systemic pressure should be avoided. Further clinical studies are needed to manage the short periods of hypotension, as well as the slight reduction in sedative and pain-relieving medetomidine effects found, particularly when vatinoxan is in combination with desflurane rather than sevoflurane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14223322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:53:05Z","timestamp":1731991985000},"page":"3322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison Between Medetomidine and a Medetomidine\u2013Vatinoxan Combination on Cardiorespiratory Variables in Dogs Undergoing Ovariectomy Anesthetized with Butorphanol, Propofol and Sevoflurane or Desflurane"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9539-1117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Cubeddu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4750-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerolamo","family":"Masala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Corda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9771-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Corda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0665-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Mario","family":"Careddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.160.26.891","article-title":"Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of intramuscular and intravenous doses of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs and their reversal with atipamezole","volume":"160","author":"Granholm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. 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