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Carnivora, encompasses 65 species and 22 genera, and is widely distributed around the world. Mustelids exhibit a multiplicity of coloration patterns, ranging from darker tones, such as black and brown, to lighter tones, such as pale yellow and white. Anomalous colorations in wild mustelids are occasionally reported, but these records are still poorly discussed in the scientific literature and are often subject to misidentification and\/or incorrect terminology. Among mustelids, the Tayra, Eira barbara, is suggested to have the highest frequency of chromatic disorders reported in the formal scientific literature, although most cases involve hypopigmentation. Here, we report and describe the first case of a reddish-colored tayra, a rare chromatic disorder known as erythrism, and compare their coloration to that observed in the subspecies currently suggested for E. barbara. We also conducted a survey and a review of chromatic variants in mustelids based on the formal scientific literature, reporting 119 anomalously colored individuals from 1890 to 2024, and proposed accurate terminology for misidentified cases. Additionally, we discuss the occurrence of these chromatic disorders on a global scale and their potential ecological effect on wild mustelids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14233354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T06:57:54Z","timestamp":1732172274000},"page":"3354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unveiling the Colors of Mustelids: A Historical Review on the Emergence of Chromatic Disorders and Their Ecological Effects in Mustelids Worldwide with Report of the First Case of Erythrism in Eira barbara (Carnivora, Mustelidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7973-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Cotts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Zoologia de Vertebrados\u2013Tetrapoda (LAZOVERTE), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC 5\u00ba Andar, Sala 522A, Rio de Janeiro 27965-045, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Ecologia, Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o e Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Ambientais (cE3c), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3277-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Barreto, 764, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Barreto, Maca\u00e9, Rio de Janeiro 27965-045, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia Isabel","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7838-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Rocha Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Zoologia de Vertebrados\u2013Tetrapoda (LAZOVERTE), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC 5\u00ba Andar, Sala 522A, Rio de Janeiro 27965-045, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2671-0206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caryne","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Barreto, 764, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Barreto, Maca\u00e9, Rio de Janeiro 27965-045, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ci\u00eancias Ambientais (LCA), Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 27965-045, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caro, T. (2005). The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals. BioScience, 55.","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fertl, D., and Rosel, P.E. (2018). Albinism. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804327-1.00043-1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22034","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-4689.v40.e22034","article-title":"Multiple Colors in Anteaters: Review and Description of Chromatic Disorders in Tamandua (Xenarthra: Pilosa) with Reports of New and Rare Coat Colorations","volume":"40","author":"Cotts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zoologia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2011.00177.x","article-title":"Colours of Domestication","volume":"86","author":"Cieslak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. 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